Abstract
Arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. (Chinese brake fern) grows well in arsenic-contaminated media, with an extraordinary ability to tolerate high levels of arsenic. An expression cloning strategy was employed to identify cDNAs for the genes involved in arsenic resistance in P. vittata. Excised plasmids from the cDNA library of P. vittata fronds were introduced into Escherichia coli XL-1 Blue and plated on medium containing 4 mM of arsenate, a common form of arsenic in the environment. The deduced amino acid sequence of an arsenate-resistant clone, PV4-8, had cDNA highly homologous to plant cytosolic triosephosphate isomerases (cTPI). Cell-free extracts of PV4-8 had 3-fold higher level of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) specific activities than that found in E. coli XL-1 Blue and had a 42 kD fusion protein immunoreactive to polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant Solanum chacoense cTPI. The PV4-8 cDNA complemented a TPI-deficient E. coli mutant. PV4-8 expression improved arsenate resistance in E. coli WC3110, a strain deficient in arsenate reductase but not in AW3110 deficient for the whole ars operon. This is consistent with the hypothesis that PV4-8 TPI increased arsenate resistance in E. coli by directly or indirectly functioning as an arsenate reductase. When E. coli tpi gene was expressed in the same vector, bacterial arsenate resistance was not altered, indicating that arsenate tolerance was specific to P. vittata TPI. Paradoxically, P. vittata TPI activity was not more resistant to inhibition by arsenate in vitro than its bacterial counterpart suggesting that arsenate resistance of conventional TPI reaction was not the basis for the cellular arsenate resistance. P. vittata TPI activity was inhibited by incubation with reduced glutathione while bacterial TPI was unaffected. Consistent with cTPI’s role in arsenate reduction, bacterial cells expressing fern TPI had significantly greater per cent of cellular arsenic as arsenite compared to cells expressing E. coli TPI. Excised frond tissue infiltrated with arsenate reduced arsenate significantly more under light than dark. This research highlights a novel role for P. vittata cTPI in arsenate reduction.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- cTPI:
-
Cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase
- DTT:
-
Dithiothereitol
- EDTA:
-
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- pTPI:
-
Plastidic triosephosphate isomerase
- GAPDH:
-
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- SDS-PAGE:
-
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- 3-PGA:
-
3-Phosphoglycerate
- TPI:
-
Triosephosphate isomerase
References
Abedin MJ, Feldmann J, Meharg AA (2002) Uptake kinetics of arsenic species in rice plants. Plant Physiol 128:1120–1128
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403–410
Caille N, Swanwick S, Zhao FJ, McGrath SP (2004) Arsenic hyperaccumulation by Pteris vittata from arsenic contaminated soils and the effect of liming and phosphate fertilization. Environ Pollut 132:113–120
Carlin A, Shi W, Dey S, Rosen BP (1995) The ars operon of Escherichia coli confers arsenical and antimonial resistance. J Bacteriol 177:981–986
Chen M, Ma LQ (1998) Comparison of four USEPA digestion methods for trace metal analysis using certified and Florida soils. J Environ Qual 27:1294–1300
Dhankher OP, Li Y, Rosen BP, Shi J, Salt D, Senecoff JF, Sashti NA, Meagher RB (2002) Engineering tolerance and hyperaccumulation of arsenic in plants by combining arsenate reductase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase expression. Nat Biotech 20:1140–1145
Dong R (2005) Molecular cloning and characterization of a phytochelatin synthase gene, PvPCS1, from Pteris vittata L. J Ind Micro Biotechnol 32:527–533
Dorion S, Parveen, Jeukens J, Matton DP, Rivoal J (2005a) Cloning and characterization of a cytosolic isoform of triosephosphate isomerase developmentally regulated in potato leaves. Plant Sci 168:183–194
Dorion, S, Parveen, Jeukens, J, Rivoal, J (2005b) Characterization and expression of potato triosephosphate isomerase isoforms. In: Van der Est A, Bruce D (eds) Photosynthesis: fundamental aspects to global perspectives. Int Soc Photosyn, ACG Publishing, pp 903–905
Duan G, Zhu Y, Tong Y, Cai C, Kneer R (2005) Characterization of arsenate reductase in the extract of roots and fronds of Chinese brake fern, an arsenic hyperaccumulator. Plant Physiol 138:461–469
Ellis DR, Gumaelius L, Indriolo E, Pickering IJ, Banks JA, Salt DE (2006) A novel arsenate reductase from the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern Pteris vittata. Plant Physiol (in press)
Gregus Z, Nemeti B (2005) The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase works as an arsenate reductase in human red blood cells and rat liver cytosol. Toxicol Sci 85:859–869
Gumaelius L, Lahner B, Salt DE, Banks JA (2004) Arsenic hyperaccumulation in gametophytes of Pteris vittata. A␣new model system for analysis of arsenic hyperaccumulation. Plant Physiol 136:3198–3208
Harris TK, Cole RN, Comer FI, Mildvan AS (1998) Proton transfer in the mechanism of triosephosphate isomerase. Biochemistry 37:16828–16838
Hoagland DR, Arnon DI (1950) The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif Agric Exp Stn Bull 347:1–32
Huang JW, Poynton CY, Kochian LV, Elless MP (2004) Phytofiltration of arsenic from drinking water using arsenic-hyperaccumulating ferns. Environ Sci Technol 38:3412–3417
Ito H, Iwabuchi M, Ogawa K (2003) The sugar-metabolic enzymes aldolase and triose-phosphate isomerase are targets of glutathionylation in Arabidopsis thaliana: detection using biotinylated glutathione. Plant Cell Physiol 44:655–660
Kursula I, Wierenga RK (2003) Crystal structure of triosephosphate isomerase complexed with 2-phosphoglycolate at 0.83-A resolution. J Biol Chem 278:9544–9551
Lee DA, Chen A, Schroeder JI (2003) ars1, an Arabidopsis mutant exhibiting increased tolerance to arsenate and increased phosphate uptake. Plant J 35:637–646
Lombi E, Zhao F, Fuhrmann M, Ma LQ, McGrath SP (2002) Arsenic distribution and speciation in the fronds of the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. New Phytol 156:195–203
Ma LQ, Komar KM, Tu C, Zhang W, Cai Y, Kennelley ED (2001) A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic. Nature 409:579–579
Meharg AA (2003) Variation in arsenic accumulation – hyperaccumulation in ferns and their allies. New Phytol 157:25–31
Meng X, Korfiatis GP, Jing C, Christodoulatos C (2001) Redox transformations of arsenic and iron in water treatment sludge during aging and TCLP extraction. Environ Sci Technol 35:3476–3481
Mukhopadhyay R, Shi J, Rosen BP (2000) Purification and characterization of Acr2p the Sccharomyces cerevisiae arsenate reductase. J Biol Chem 275:21149–21157
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Nemeti B, Gregus Z (2005) Reduction of arsenate to arsenite by human erythrocyte lysate and rat liver cytosol – characterization of a glutathione- and NAD-dependent arsenate reduction linked to glycolysis. Toxicol Sci 85:847–858
Ng JC, Want J, Shraim A (2003) A global health problem caused by arsenic from natural sources. Chemosphere 52:1353–1359
Nickson R, McArthur J, Burgess W, Ahmed KM, Ravenscroft P, Rahman M (1998) Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh groundwater. Nature 395:338–338
Oremland RS, Stolz JF (2003) The ecology of arsenic. Science 300:939–944
Peterson GL (1977) A simplification of the protein assay method of Lowry et al. which is more generally applicable. Anal Biochem 83:346–356
Pickering IJ, Prince RC, George MJ, Smith RD, George GN, Salt DE (2000) Reduction and coordination of arsenic in Indian mustard. Plant Physiol 122:1171–1177
Pilon-Smits E (2005) Phytoremediation. Annu Rev Plant Biol 56:15–39
Poynton CY, Huang JW, Blaylock MJ, Kochian LV, Elless MP (2004) Mechanisms of arsenic hyperaccumulation in Pteris species: root As influx and translocation. Planta 219:1080–1088
Raman SB, Rathinasabapathi B (2003) β-Alanine N-methyltransferase of Limonium latifolium. cDNA cloning and functional expression of a novel N-methyltransferase implicated in the synthesis of the osmoprotectant β-alanine betaine. Plant Physiol 132:1642–1651
Rathinasabapathi B, Fouad WM, Sigua CA (2001) β-Alanine betaine synthesis in the Plumbaginaceae. Purification and characterization of a trifunctional, S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent N-methyltransferase from Limonium latifolium leaves. Plant Physiol 126:1241–1249
Rosen BP (1996) Bacterial resistance to heavy metals and metalloids. JBIC 1:273–277
Rosen BP (2002) Transport and detoxification systems for transition metals, heavy metals and metalloids in eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 133:689–693
Salido AL, Hasty KL, Lim JM, Butcher DJ (2003) Phytoremediation of arsenic and lead in contaminated soil using Chinese brake ferns (Pteris vittata) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Int J Phytorem 5:89–103
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
Singh N, Ma LQ, Srivastava M, Rathinsabapathi B (2006) Metabolic adaptations to arsenic-induced oxidative stress in Pteris vittata L, and Pteris ensiformis L. Plant Sci 170:274–282
Srivastava M, Ma LQ, Singh N, Singh S (2005) Antioxidant responses of hyper-accumulator and sensitive fern species to arsenic. J Exp Bot 56:1335–1342
Straus D, Gilbert W (1985) Chicken triosephosphate isomerase complements an Escherichia coli deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:2014–2018
Swofford DL (2000) PAUP: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony and other methods (Software). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The ClutalX-Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882
Tu C, Ma LQ, Bondada B (2002) Arsenic accumulation in the hyperaccumulator Chinese brake and its utilization potential for phytoremediation. J Environ Qual 31:1671–1675
Tu S, Ma LQ, Fayiga AO, Zillioux EJ (2004a) Phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater by the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern Pteris vittata L. Int J Phytorem 6:35–47
Tu S, Ma LQ, MacDonald GE, Bondada B (2004b) Effects of arsenic species and phosphorus on arsenic absorption, arsenate reduction and thiol formation in excised parts of Pteris vittata L. Environ Exp Bot 51:121–131
Turner DH, Blanch ES, Gibbs M, Turner JF (1965) Triosephosphate isomerase of pea seeds. Plant Physiol 40:1146–1150
Yoshida T, Yamauchi H, Fan Sun G (2004) Chronic health effects in people exposed to arsenic via the drinking water: dose–response relationships in review. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 198:243–252
Zhang W, Cai Y, Tu C, Ma LQ (2002) Arsenic speciation and distribution in an arsenic hyperaccumulating fern. Sci Total Environ 300:167–177
Zhao FJ, Wang JR, Barker JHA, Schat H, Bleeker PM, McGrath SP (2003) The role of phytochelatins in arsenic tolerance in the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. New Phytol 159:403–410
Acknowledgements
This research was partly funded by a mini-grant to B.R and L.M. by the School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida. We thank Dr. Barry P. Rosen (Wayne State University) for providing E. coli strains AW3110 and WC3110 and for useful discussions and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rathinasabapathi, B., Wu, S., Sundaram, S. et al. Arsenic resistance in Pteris vittata L.: identification of a cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase based on cDNA expression cloning in Escherichia coli . Plant Mol Biol 62, 845–857 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-006-9060-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-006-9060-8