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Metabolic and transcriptional response of central metabolism affected by root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica under salinity in barley

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Abstract

The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica enhances plant adaptation to environmental stress based on general and non-specific plant species mechanisms. In the present study, we integrated the ionomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics data to identify the genes and metabolic regulatory networks conferring salt tolerance in P. indica-colonized barley plants. To this end, leaf samples were harvested at control (0 mM NaCl) and severe salt stress (300 mM NaCl) in P. indica-colonized and non-inoculated barley plants 4 weeks after fungal inoculation. The metabolome analysis resulted in an identification of a signature containing 14 metabolites and ions conferring tolerance to salt stress. Gene expression analysis has led to the identification of 254 differentially expressed genes at 0 mM NaCl and 391 genes at 300 mM NaCl in P. indica-colonized compared to non-inoculated samples. The integration of metabolome and transcriptome analysis indicated that the major and minor carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and ethylene biosynthesis pathway might play a role in systemic salt-tolerance in leaf tissue induced by the root-colonized fungus.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Melanie Ruff at IPK-Gatersleben for the excellent technical assistance.

Author contributions

MG prepared the plant samples; MRG, MRH and MG performed metabolome analysis; PS performed macroarray analysis; MRG and BK analyzed the data; GHS designed the experiment; MRG, BK and GHS wrote the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Ghaffari & Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh

  2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

    Mehdi Ghabooli

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA

    Behnam Khatabi

  4. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany

    Mohammad Reza Hajirezaei

  5. Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany

    Patrick Schweizer

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  1. Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
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Correspondence to Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh.

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Supplementary Fig. S1

Difference in plant dry weight between Piriformospora indica root-colonized and non-inoculated barley plants four weeks post inoculation in 0 mM NaCl (green color) and 300 mM NaCl (red color) conditions. Bars indicate standard error values for each treatment (n = 5). (TIFF 3686 kb)

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Ghaffari, M.R., Ghabooli, M., Khatabi, B. et al. Metabolic and transcriptional response of central metabolism affected by root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica under salinity in barley. Plant Mol Biol 90, 699–717 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0461-z

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