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Functionally diverse rhizobacteria of Saccharum munja (a native wild grass) colonizing abandoned morrum mine in Aravalli hills (Delhi)

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Abstract

Characterization of the rhizobacteria of native grasses naturally colonizing abandoned mine sites may help in identification of microbial inoculants for ecological-restoration programmes. Eighty one strains of Saccharum munja rhizobacteria isolated from an abandoned mine located on Aravalli mountain and 50 from bulk-region were identified using 16S rRNA sequence analyses. Based on chemical- and biological-assays they were categorized into ecologically diverse functional groups (siderophore-, IAA-, ACC-deaminase-, HCN-, polyphosphate-producers; phosphate-solubilizer; antagonistic). Eight genera, 25 species from rhizosphere and 2 genera, 5 species from bulk-region were dominated by Bacillus spp. (B. barbaricus, B. cereus, B. firmus, B. flexus, B. foraminis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis) and Paenibacillus spp. (P. alvei, P. apiarius, P. lautus, P. lentimorbus, P. polymyxa, P. popillae). Siderophore-producers were common in rhizosphere and bulk soil, whereas IAA-producers, N2-fixers and FePO4-solubilizers dominated rhizosphere samples. During the reproductive phase (winter) of S. munja, siderophore-, ACC-deaminase- and polyP-producers were predominant; however dominance of HCN-producers in summer might be associated with termite-infestation. In vivo ability of selected rhizobacteria (B. megaterium BOSm201, B. subtilis BGSm253, B. pumilus BGSm157, P. alvei BGSm255, P. putida BOSm217, P. aeruginosa BGSm 306) to enhance seed-germination and seedling-growth of S. munja in mine-spoil suggest their significance in natural colonization and potential for ecological-restoration of Bhatti mine.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr Asif Mohmmed, ICGEB, New Delhi for critical comments and constructive suggestions on MS; and Professor D.M. Banerjee, University of Delhi, for useful discussion on geology of Bhatti mine. RSS and VM thank the Department of Biotechnology (Government of India), Department of Science & Technology (Government of India) and the University of Delhi for research grants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Biology and Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems (CEMDE), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India

    Meenakshi Sharma, Vandana Mishra, Nupur Rau & Radhey Shyam Sharma

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  1. Meenakshi Sharma
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  2. Vandana Mishra
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  3. Nupur Rau
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  4. Radhey Shyam Sharma
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Correspondence to Radhey Shyam Sharma.

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Sharma, M., Mishra, V., Rau, N. et al. Functionally diverse rhizobacteria of Saccharum munja (a native wild grass) colonizing abandoned morrum mine in Aravalli hills (Delhi). Plant Soil 341, 447–459 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0657-y

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