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Transfer of rare earth elements (REE) from natural soil to plant systems: implications for the environmental availability of anthropogenic REE

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Abstract

Background and aims

Rare Earth Elements (REE) are widely used to trace natural geochemical processes. They are also increasingly used by man (electronics industry, medicine, agriculture) and therefore considered as emerging pollutants. The present study documents REE mobility in non-polluted natural soil-plant systems in order to characterize their environmental availability for future anthropogenic pollution.

Methods

The study is based on a field approach in non-polluted natural sites with contrasting geological environments (limestone, granite, and carbonatite) and highly variable REE contents.

Results

REE concentrations in soils do not directly reflect bedrock concentrations, but depend largely on pedogenetic processes and on the mineralogy of bedrock and soil. The soils of all sites are with respect to bedrock enriched in heavy REE. The REE uptake by plants is not primarily controlled by the plant itself, but depends on the concentration and the speciation in the soil and the adsorbed soil water pool.

Conclusions

REE uptake by plant roots are linked with those of Fe. Roots absorb preferentially the light REE. Before translocation, REE are retained by the Casparian strip leading to much lower concentrations in the aerial parts. The transport of the REE within the xylem is associated with the general nutrient flux.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank P. Deleule (ONF–French National Forests Office) for his constructive collaboration during field work on the limestone site at Cussey-sur-Lison. R. Boutin (LHyGeS Strasbourg) is thanked for major and trace element analyses, and Ch. Loup (Chrono-Environnement Besançon) for CaCO3 and organic carbon analyses. The financial support by the French CNRS program “EC2CO-Cytrix”is kindly acknowledged. L. Brioschi benefited from a French Ministry of National Education and Research Ph.D. grant. We are grateful to L. Pourcelot for his prereview of the manuscript and P. Winterton for English corrections. The constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030, Besançon, France

    L. Brioschi, M. Steinmann, E. Lucot & P. M. Badot

  2. UMR CNRS 7517 LHyGeS-EOST, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France

    M. C. Pierret, P. Stille & J. Prunier

  3. UMR CNRS 5563 Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université Paul Sabatier, 31400, Toulouse, France

    J. Prunier

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  1. L. Brioschi
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Correspondence to M. Steinmann.

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Supplementary data 1

REE concentrations of bedrock samples in mg/kg. (XLS 13 kb)

Supplementary data 2

REE concentrations of bulk soil samples in mg/kg. (XLS 18 kb)

Supplementary data 3

REE concentrations of soil water samples in ÎĽg/L. The soil water data from the granite site are from Stille et al. (2009). All soil waters were sampled in autumn. (XLS 12 kb)

Supplementary data 4

Bulk chemistry of spruce samples of the limestone site. The meter values given for the trunk samples correspond to the sampling height above ground. The letters following sampling height indicate the sampling position on an individual slice of trunk: “O” = outer, “M” = middle and “C” = central portion. Concentrations for the REE and U in μg/kg, all other elements in mg/kg. (XLS 38 kb)

Supplementary data 5

Bulk chemistry of beech samples from the limestone site. The meter values given for the trunk samples correspond to the sampling height above ground. The letters following sampling height indicate the sampling position on an individual slice of trunk: “O” = outer, “M” = middle and “C” = central portion. Concentrations for the REE and U in μg/kg, all other elements in mg/kg. (XLS 27 kb)

Supplementary data 6

Bulk chemistry of spruce and beech samples from the granite site. The meter values given for the trunk samples correspond to the sampling height above ground. The letters following sampling height indicate the sampling position on an individual slice of trunk: “O” = outer, “M” = middle and “C” = central portion. Concentrations for the REE and for U in μg/kg (μg/L for sap), all other elements in mg/kg (mg/L for sap). (XLS 31 kb)

Supplementary data 7

Bulk chemistry of oak samples from the carbonatite site. Concentrations for the REE and for U in ÎĽg/kg (ÎĽg/L for sap), all other elements in mg/kg (mg/L for sap). (XLS 13 kb)

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Brioschi, L., Steinmann, M., Lucot, E. et al. Transfer of rare earth elements (REE) from natural soil to plant systems: implications for the environmental availability of anthropogenic REE. Plant Soil 366, 143–163 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1407-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1407-0

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