Background
Method
Recruitment of participants
Creation of the health state descriptions
Valuation procedure
Health state description of severe depression
|
A person is having/suffering from severe depressive complaints. Almost daily he is having a depressed mood and almost no interest or pleasure in (almost) all activities. Besides, he is having the following complaints: |
Problems with appetite or changes in weight |
Problems with sleeping |
Restlessness or being inhibited |
Fatigue, loss of energy |
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt |
Diminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisiveness |
Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide |
Health state description of moderate depression
|
A person is having/suffering from moderate depressive complaints. Almost daily he is having a depressed mood. Besides, he is having the following complaints: |
Problems with sleeping |
Restlessness or being inhibited |
Fatigue, loss of energy |
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt |
Diminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisiveness |
Health state description of mild depression
|
A person is having/suffering from severe depressive complaints. Almost daily he is having a depressed mood. Besides, he is having the following complaints: |
Restlessness or being inhibited |
Fatigue, loss of energy |
Diminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisiveness |
Defining general population and patient subgroups
Analysis
Results
Study participants
Hypothetical severe depression state | Hypothetical moderate depression state | Hypothetical mild depression state | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No complaints | Complaints BDI 14-19 | Complaints BDI 20-28 | Complaints BDI 29-63 | No complaints | Complaints BDI 14-19 | Complaints BDI 20-28 | Complaints BDI 29-63 | No complaints | Complaints BDI 14-19 | Complaints BDI 20-28 | Complaints BDI 29-63 | |
N | 465 | 74 | 63 | 68 | 513 | 66 | 57 | 55 | 526 | 78 | 67 | 69 |
Sex, male (%) | 46.9 | 35.1 | 46.0 | 33.8 | 46.8 | 48.5 | 42.1 | 30.9 | 40.9 | 38.5 | 34.3 | 36.2 |
Age, M (SD) | 44.1 (12.8) | 44.4 (13.9) | 44.2 (11.3) | 41.8 (12.8) | 44.2 (12.7) | 43.3 (12.2) | 41.7 (12.5) | 39.6 (12.8) | 42.7 (13.8) | 44.0 (13.0) | 42.9 (12.6) | 43.1 (13.6) |
Educationa
| ||||||||||||
Low (%) | 13.3 | 17.6 | 22.2 | 32.4 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 12.3 | 20.0 | 12.0 | 21.8 | 17.9 | 27.5 |
Medium (%) | 43.9 | 58.1 | 55.6 | 50.0 | 48.3 | 56.1 | 57.9 | 49.1 | 46.2 | 50.0 | 56.7 | 50.7 |
High (%) | 40.6 | 24.3 | 19.0 | 10.3 | 39.8 | 34.8 | 28.1 | 29.1 | 41.1 | 25.6 | 23.9 | 17.4 |
Partnera
| ||||||||||||
Yes (%) | 75.3 | 66.2 | 66.7 | 63.2 | 76.6 | 62.1 | 57.9 | 49.1 | 71.3 | 71.8 | 70.1 | 56.5 |
No (%) | 23.4 | 31.1 | 30.2 | 32.4 | 22.4 | 36.4 | 40.4 | 45.5 | 27.0 | 25.6 | 28.4 | 42.0 |
Employeda
| ||||||||||||
Yes (%) | 86.9 | 82.4 | 65.1 | 42.6 | 88.7 | 78.8 | 61.4 | 45.5 | 86.3 | 78.2 | 64.2 | 56.5 |
No (%) | 8.4 | 13.5 | 19.0 | 42.6 | 6.2 | 10.6 | 36.8 | 45.5 | 7.8 | 11.5 | 31.3 | 34.8 |
Hypothetical severe depression state | Hypothetical moderate depression state | Hypothetical mild depression state | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No complaints | Complaints ≤3 months | Complaints ≥4 months | No complaints | Complaints ≤3 months | Complaints ≥ 4 months | No complaints | Complaints ≤3 months | Complaints ≥4 months | |
N
| 362 | 126 | 182 | 372 | 150 | 169 | 418 | 144 | 178 |
Sex, male (%) | 46.7 | 38.1 | 43.4 | 47.0 | 42.0 | 44.4 | 41.4 | 38.9 | 36.0 |
Age, M (SD) | 45.4 (12.6) | 40.4 (12.9) | 43.4 (12.7) | 44.8 (12.4) | 40.4 (13.3) | 43.5 (12.4) | 43.3 (13.8) | 40.0 (13.2) | 44.3 (13.0) |
Educationa
| |||||||||
Low (%) | 14.6 | 18.3 | 19.2 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 18.8 | 19.7 |
Medium (%) | 45.0 | 39.7 | 56.6 | 48.7 | 48.0 | 54.4 | 44.0 | 53.5 | 52.8 |
High (%) | 39.0 | 37.3 | 20.9 | 39.0 | 39.3 | 32.5 | 43.5 | 26.4 | 24.7 |
Partnera
| |||||||||
Yes (%) | 78.5 | 65.9 | 64.3 | 80.4 | 60.0 | 62.1 | 72.0 | 66.0 | 68.0 |
No (%) | 20.4 | 30.2 | 33.5 | 18.8 | 38.7 | 34.9 | 26.1 | 31.9 | 30.9 |
Employeda
| |||||||||
Yes (%) | 86.7 | 77.8 | 67.6 | 91.1 | 82.0 | 62.1 | 85.4 | 84.0 | 66.9 |
No (%) | 8.6 | 16.7 | 20.9 | 5.1 | 10.7 | 29.6 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 25.3 |
Differences in Euroqol domain scores
Differences in RS
Hypothetical depression states | RS M (SD) | Mann–Whitney P
| ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No complaints (0) | Complaints BDI-II 14-19 (1) | Complaints BDI-II 20-28 (2) | Complaints BDI-II 29-63 (3) | 0 vs. 1 | 1 vs. 2 | 2 vs. 3 | 0 vs. 2 | 0 vs. 3 | 1 vs. 3 | |
Severe | 48.20 (31.18) | 48.26 (27.33) | 41.43 (24.50) | 39.60 (23.94) | 0.992 | 0.142 | 0.672 | 0.126 | 0.053 | 0.051 |
Moderate | 55.66 (24.08) | 55.50 (19.83) | 53.86 (16.61) | 41.80 (20.46) | 0.934 | 0.372 | 0.002* | 0.495 | 0.000* | 0.000* |
Mild | 60.72 (21.80) | 58.00 (19.73) | 50.04 (13.44) | 44.58 (20.65) | 0.334 | 0.001* | 0.091 | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.000* |
Hypothetical depression states | RS M (SD) | Mann–Whitney P
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No complaints (0) | Complaints ≤3 months (1) | Complaints ≥4 months (2) | 0 vs. 1 | 1 vs. 2 | 0 vs. 2 | |
Severe | 48.74 (32.02) | 44.29 (28.17) | 44.30 (25.21) | 0.153 | 0.962 | 0.150 |
Moderate | 55.75 (24.94) | 56.80 (20.70) | 49.26 (20.34) | 0.714 | 0.002* | 0.003* |
Mild | 60.89 (21.74) | 57.17 (21.61) | 51.72 (19.37) | 0.130 | 0.008* | 0.000* |