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Approaches to resolving cephalopod movement and migration patterns

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Abstract

Cephalopod movement occurs during all phases of the life history, with the abundance and location of cephalopod populations strongly influenced by the prevalence and scale of their movements. Environmental parameters, such as sea temperature and oceanographic processes, have a large influence on movement at the various life cycle stages, particularly those of oceanic squid. Tag recapture studies are the most common way of directly examining cephalopod movement, particularly in species which are heavily fished. Electronic tags, however, are being more commonly used to track cephalopods, providing detailed small- and large-scale movement information. Chemical tagging of paralarvae through maternal transfer may prove to be a viable technique for tracking this little understood cephalopod life stage, as large numbers of individuals could be tagged at once. Numerous indirect methods can also be used to examine cephalopod movement, such as chemical analyses of the elemental and/or isotopic signatures of cephalopod hard parts, with growing interest in utilising these techniques for elucidating migration pathways, as is commonly done for fish. Geographic differences in parasite fauna have also been used to indirectly provide movement information, however, explicit movement studies require detailed information on parasite-host specificity and parasite geographic distribution, which is yet to be determined for cephalopods. Molecular genetics offers a powerful approach to estimating realised effective migration rates among populations, and continuing developments in markers and analytical techniques hold the promise of more detailed identification of migrants. To date genetic studies indicate that migration in squids is extensive but can be blocked by major oceanographic features, and in cuttlefish and octopus migration is more locally restricted than predictions from life history parameters would suggest. Satellite data showing the location of fishing lights have been increasingly used to examine the movement of squid fishing vessels, as a proxy for monitoring the movement of the squid populations themselves, allowing for the remote monitoring of oceanic species.

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Acknowledgements

This review came about as a result of discussions held at the Cephalopod Movement and Migration Workshop held as part of the 2006 CIAC Conference in Hobart. The authors would like to thank all the participants for their valuable contribution to the discussion. We are also grateful to Hideaki Kidokoro, Ken Mori, Yoshikazu Nakamura, Kazuya Nagasawa, and Mitsuo Sakai for providing information on recent tagging experiments in Japan. Thanks also to Stephanie Semmens for editing the manuscript. Funding to JMS and GTP to study cephalopod movement and migration comes from Australian Research Council Linkage grants and Postdoctoral Fellowships (C00107233 and LP0347556 respectively). KZ was funded by the Deutsche Forschungesgemeinschaft (DFG PI 203/11-1, 11-2, 11-3, HA 2100/9-1). Travel to CIAC by PWS was supported by the Royal Society of London.

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Semmens, J.M., Pecl, G.T., Gillanders, B.M. et al. Approaches to resolving cephalopod movement and migration patterns. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 17, 401–423 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-007-9048-8

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