Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Small Business Economics 1/2014

01.06.2014

Regional institutional development, political connections, and entrepreneurial performance in China’s transition economy

verfasst von: Wubiao Zhou

Erschienen in: Small Business Economics | Ausgabe 1/2014

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

While previous research emphasizes the role of political connections in facilitating entrepreneurial performance during China’s early reform period (1978–1999), this study argues that regional institutions were increasingly conducive to entrepreneurial activities and, thus, also played a key role in China’s entrepreneurial success during that period. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it aims to demonstrate how regional institutional development facilitated entrepreneurial performance in China. Second, it aims to understand how formal institutional development among Chinese regions affected the role of political connections. Using a two-level hierarchical dataset on Chinese private enterprises, this study finds that not only legal protection of property rights but also the development of market systems mattered for entrepreneurial performance. In addition, it shows that political connections played a diminishing role during regional institutional development in China.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Domestic private entrepreneurial firms in China are mostly small and medium-sized enterprises owned by individual entrepreneurs. There are two types of private firms: non-farm private enterprises (siying qiye) and individual enterprises (getihu). The difference between private enterprises and individual enterprises is the number of employees: A private firm is a private enterprise if it has at least eight employees, but an individual enterprise if fewer than eight employees. In this paper, I use “private firm” to indicate both types of enterprises.
 
2
For details of the competition between the developmental state-like models and the liberal state-like models in reform-era China, see Huang and Di (2004) and Zhou (2011).
 
3
Most of the high-tech firms were state-owned and the remaining were usually collectively owned in China by the late 1990s. High-tech firms founded by university researchers, for example, were usually registered as collective firms in the 1980s and 1990s (OECD 2007).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Acemoglu, D., & Johnson, S. (2005). Unbundling institutions. Journal of Political Economy, 113, 949–995.CrossRef Acemoglu, D., & Johnson, S. (2005). Unbundling institutions. Journal of Political Economy, 113, 949–995.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Acs, Z., & Audretsch, D. B. (1988). Innovation in large and small firms: an empirical analysis. American Economic Review, 78, 678–690. Acs, Z., & Audretsch, D. B. (1988). Innovation in large and small firms: an empirical analysis. American Economic Review, 78, 678–690.
Zurück zum Zitat Acs, Z., & Szerb, L. (2007). Entrepreneurship, economic growth, and public policy. Small Business Economics, 28, 109–122.CrossRef Acs, Z., & Szerb, L. (2007). Entrepreneurship, economic growth, and public policy. Small Business Economics, 28, 109–122.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Amit, R., Glosten, L., & Muller, E. (1990). Entrepreneurial ability, venture investments, and risk sharing. Management Science, 36, 1232–1245.CrossRef Amit, R., Glosten, L., & Muller, E. (1990). Entrepreneurial ability, venture investments, and risk sharing. Management Science, 36, 1232–1245.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Batjargal, B., Hitt, M. A., Tsui, A. S., Emlyon, J. A., Webb, J. W., & Miller, T. (2012). Institutional polycentrism, entrepreneurs’ social networks and new venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, (forthcoming). Batjargal, B., Hitt, M. A., Tsui, A. S., Emlyon, J. A., Webb, J. W., & Miller, T. (2012). Institutional polycentrism, entrepreneurs’ social networks and new venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, (forthcoming).
Zurück zum Zitat Baumol, W. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893–921.CrossRef Baumol, W. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893–921.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Blanchard, O., & Shleifer, A. (2005). Federalism with and without political centralization: China versus Russia. In A. Shleifer (Ed.), A normal country: Russia after communism (pp. 147–155). Harvard: Harvard University Press. Blanchard, O., & Shleifer, A. (2005). Federalism with and without political centralization: China versus Russia. In A. Shleifer (Ed.), A normal country: Russia after communism (pp. 147–155). Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Boisot, M., & Child, J. (1996). From fiefs to clans and network capitalism: Explaining China’s emerging economic order. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 600–628.CrossRef Boisot, M., & Child, J. (1996). From fiefs to clans and network capitalism: Explaining China’s emerging economic order. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 600–628.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bowen, H., & Clerq, D. (2008). Institutional context and the allocation of entrepreneurial effort. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(4), 747–767.CrossRef Bowen, H., & Clerq, D. (2008). Institutional context and the allocation of entrepreneurial effort. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(4), 747–767.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Breznitz, D., & Murphree, M. (2011). The run of the red queen. New Haven: Yale University Press. Breznitz, D., & Murphree, M. (2011). The run of the red queen. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Carroll, G., & Mosakowski, E. (1987). The career dynamics of self-employment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 570–589.CrossRef Carroll, G., & Mosakowski, E. (1987). The career dynamics of self-employment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 570–589.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chang, W., & MacMillan, I. C. (1991). A review of entrepreneurial development in the People’s Republic of China. Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 375–379.CrossRef Chang, W., & MacMillan, I. C. (1991). A review of entrepreneurial development in the People’s Republic of China. Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 375–379.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, Z., Wu, Z., & Xie, S. (2000). The extent of marketization of economic systems in China. Huntington, NY: Nova. Chen, Z., Wu, Z., & Xie, S. (2000). The extent of marketization of economic systems in China. Huntington, NY: Nova.
Zurück zum Zitat China Statistical Bureau. (1995–1997). China Statistical Yearbooks. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House. China Statistical Bureau. (1995–1997). China Statistical Yearbooks. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House.
Zurück zum Zitat Chow, G. C. (2002). China’s economic transformation. Hoboken: Blackwell Publishing. Chow, G. C. (2002). China’s economic transformation. Hoboken: Blackwell Publishing.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P. (2000). Protecting their intellectual assets: Appropriability conditions and why U.S. manufacturing firms patent (or not). National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7552. Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P. (2000). Protecting their intellectual assets: Appropriability conditions and why U.S. manufacturing firms patent (or not). National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7552.
Zurück zum Zitat Cull, R., & Xu, L. C. (2005). Institutions, ownership, and finance: The determinants of profit reinvestment among Chinese firms. Journal of Financial Economics, 77, 117–146.CrossRef Cull, R., & Xu, L. C. (2005). Institutions, ownership, and finance: The determinants of profit reinvestment among Chinese firms. Journal of Financial Economics, 77, 117–146.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dixit, A. K. (2004). Lawlessness and economics: Alternate modes of governance. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Dixit, A. K. (2004). Lawlessness and economics: Alternate modes of governance. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Djankov, S., McLiesh, C., & Ramalho, R. (2004). Growth and the ease of doing business. World Bank Working Paper. Djankov, S., McLiesh, C., & Ramalho, R. (2004). Growth and the ease of doing business. World Bank Working Paper.
Zurück zum Zitat Faccio, M. (2006). Politically connected firms. The American Economic Review, 96, 369–386.CrossRef Faccio, M. (2006). Politically connected firms. The American Economic Review, 96, 369–386.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fan, G., & Wang, X. (2000). NERI Index of Marketization of China’s Provinces 2000 Report (Zhongguo gediqu shichanghua xiangdui zhishu jincheng 2000 niandu baogao). Beijing: China Economic Science Press. Fan, G., & Wang, X. (2000). NERI Index of Marketization of China’s Provinces 2000 Report (Zhongguo gediqu shichanghua xiangdui zhishu jincheng 2000 niandu baogao). Beijing: China Economic Science Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Greif, A. (2006). Institutions and the path to the modern economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Greif, A. (2006). Institutions and the path to the modern economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gwartney, J., & Lawson, R. (2002). Economic freedom of the world: 2002 annual report. Vancouver: The Fraser Institute. Gwartney, J., & Lawson, R. (2002). Economic freedom of the world: 2002 annual report. Vancouver: The Fraser Institute.
Zurück zum Zitat Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., & Gartzke, E. (2005). Economic freedom of the world: 2005 annual report. Vancouver: The Fraser Institute. Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., & Gartzke, E. (2005). Economic freedom of the world: 2005 annual report. Vancouver: The Fraser Institute.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamilton, B. H. (2000). Does entrepreneurship pay? Journal of Political Economy, 108, 604–631.CrossRef Hamilton, B. H. (2000). Does entrepreneurship pay? Journal of Political Economy, 108, 604–631.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1989). Organizational ecology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1989). Organizational ecology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Hitt, M., Ahlstrom, D., Dacin, M. T., Levitas, E., & Svobodina, L. (2004). The institutional effects on strategic alliance partner selection in transition economies: China vs. Russia. Organization Science, 15(2), 173–185.CrossRef Hitt, M., Ahlstrom, D., Dacin, M. T., Levitas, E., & Svobodina, L. (2004). The institutional effects on strategic alliance partner selection in transition economies: China vs. Russia. Organization Science, 15(2), 173–185.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hoskisson, H., Eden, L., Lau, C., & Wright, M. (2000). Strategy in emerging economies. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 249–267.CrossRef Hoskisson, H., Eden, L., Lau, C., & Wright, M. (2000). Strategy in emerging economies. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 249–267.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, M. (2005). The development report of non state-owned enterprises in China No 1 Zhongguo Minying Qiye Fazhan Baogao. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press. Huang, M. (2005). The development report of non state-owned enterprises in China No 1 Zhongguo Minying Qiye Fazhan Baogao. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, Y. (2008). Capitalism with Chinese characteristics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Huang, Y. (2008). Capitalism with Chinese characteristics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, K. G. (2010). China’s innovation landscape. Science, 329(5992), 632–633.CrossRef Huang, K. G. (2010). China’s innovation landscape. Science, 329(5992), 632–633.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, Y. & Di, W. (2004). A tale of two provinces: The institutional environment and foreign ownership in China. MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4482-04. Huang, Y. & Di, W. (2004). A tale of two provinces: The institutional environment and foreign ownership in China. MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4482-04.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, K. G., & Murray, F. E. (2009). Does patent strategy shape the long-run supply of public knowledge? Evidence from human genetics. Academy of Management Journal, 52(6), 1193–1221.CrossRef Huang, K. G., & Murray, F. E. (2009). Does patent strategy shape the long-run supply of public knowledge? Evidence from human genetics. Academy of Management Journal, 52(6), 1193–1221.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat IFC (International Finance Corporation). (2000). China’s emerging private enterprises: Prospects for the new century. Washngton, DC: International Finance Corporation. IFC (International Finance Corporation). (2000). China’s emerging private enterprises: Prospects for the new century. Washngton, DC: International Finance Corporation.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, S., McMillan, J., & Woodruff, C. (2002). Property rights and finance. The American Economic Review, 92, 1335–1356.CrossRef Johnson, S., McMillan, J., & Woodruff, C. (2002). Property rights and finance. The American Economic Review, 92, 1335–1356.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, S., & Mitton, T. (2003). Cronyism and capital controls: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Financial Economics, 67, 351–382.CrossRef Johnson, S., & Mitton, T. (2003). Cronyism and capital controls: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Financial Economics, 67, 351–382.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat La Porta, R., Lopez-de Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). Legal determinants of external finance (pp. 1131–1150). LII: The Journal of Finance. La Porta, R., Lopez-de Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). Legal determinants of external finance (pp. 1131–1150). LII: The Journal of Finance.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindblom, C. (2001). The market system. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Lindblom, C. (2001). The market system. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Little, R., & Rubin, D. (1987). Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: John Wiley. Little, R., & Rubin, D. (1987). Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: John Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu, J., & Tao, Z. (2010). Determinants of entrepreneurial activities in China. Journal of Business Venturing, 25, 261–273.CrossRef Lu, J., & Tao, Z. (2010). Determinants of entrepreneurial activities in China. Journal of Business Venturing, 25, 261–273.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Martinez, J. (2005). Equilibrium entrepreneurship rate, economic development and growth: Evidence from Spanish regions. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 17(2), 145–161.CrossRef Martinez, J. (2005). Equilibrium entrepreneurship rate, economic development and growth: Evidence from Spanish regions. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 17(2), 145–161.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McDermott, G. (2003). Embedded politics: Industrial network and institutional change in post-communism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. McDermott, G. (2003). Embedded politics: Industrial network and institutional change in post-communism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Zurück zum Zitat McMillan, J., & Woodruff, C. (2002). The central role of entrepreneurs in transition economies. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16, 153–170.CrossRef McMillan, J., & Woodruff, C. (2002). The central role of entrepreneurs in transition economies. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16, 153–170.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Minniti, M., & Levesque, M. (2008). Recent development in the economics of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(6), 603–612.CrossRef Minniti, M., & Levesque, M. (2008). Recent development in the economics of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(6), 603–612.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Montinola, G., Qian, Y., & Weingast, B. (1995). Federalism, Chinese style: The political basis for economic success. World Politics, 48(1), 50–81.CrossRef Montinola, G., Qian, Y., & Weingast, B. (1995). Federalism, Chinese style: The political basis for economic success. World Politics, 48(1), 50–81.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Naughton, B. (2007). The Chinese economy: Transitions and growth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Naughton, B. (2007). The Chinese economy: Transitions and growth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Nee, V. (2000). The role of the state in making a market economy. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 156, 64–88. Nee, V. (2000). The role of the state in making a market economy. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 156, 64–88.
Zurück zum Zitat Nee, V. (2005). Organizational dynamics of institutional change: Politicized capitalism in China. In V. Nee & R. Swedberg (Eds.), The economic sociology of capitalism (pp. 53–74). Princeton: Princeton University Press. Nee, V. (2005). Organizational dynamics of institutional change: Politicized capitalism in China. In V. Nee & R. Swedberg (Eds.), The economic sociology of capitalism (pp. 53–74). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat North, D. C. (1991). Institutions. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 91–112. North, D. C. (1991). Institutions. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 91–112.
Zurück zum Zitat North, D. C., & Thomas, R. (1973). The rise of the western world: A new economic history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef North, D. C., & Thomas, R. (1973). The rise of the western world: A new economic history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat North, D., & Weingast, B. (1989). Constitutions and commitment: The evolution of institutional governing public choice in seventeenth-century England. Journal of Economic History, 49(4), 803–832.CrossRef North, D., & Weingast, B. (1989). Constitutions and commitment: The evolution of institutional governing public choice in seventeenth-century England. Journal of Economic History, 49(4), 803–832.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oi, J. C. (1992). Fiscal reform and the economic foundations of local state corporatism in China. World Politics, 45, 99–126.CrossRef Oi, J. C. (1992). Fiscal reform and the economic foundations of local state corporatism in China. World Politics, 45, 99–126.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Park, S. H., & Luo, Y. (2001). Guanxi and organizational dynamics: Organizational networking in Chinese firms. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 455–477.CrossRef Park, S. H., & Luo, Y. (2001). Guanxi and organizational dynamics: Organizational networking in Chinese firms. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 455–477.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Peng, Y. (2004). Kinship networks and entrepreneurs in China’s transitional economy. American Journal of Sociology, 109, 1045–1074.CrossRef Peng, Y. (2004). Kinship networks and entrepreneurs in China’s transitional economy. American Journal of Sociology, 109, 1045–1074.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Peng, M. W., & Luo, Y. (2000). Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: The nature of a micro-macro link. The Academy of Management Journal, 43, 486–501.CrossRef Peng, M. W., & Luo, Y. (2000). Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: The nature of a micro-macro link. The Academy of Management Journal, 43, 486–501.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, F. (2003[1978]). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row. Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, F. (2003[1978]). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row.
Zurück zum Zitat Pisani, M., & Pagan, J. (2004). Self-employment in the era of the new economic model in Latin America. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 16(4), 335–350.CrossRef Pisani, M., & Pagan, J. (2004). Self-employment in the era of the new economic model in Latin America. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 16(4), 335–350.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Qian, Y. (2000). The process of China’s market transition (1978-1998): The evolutionary, historical, and comparative perspectives. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 156, 151–171. Qian, Y. (2000). The process of China’s market transition (1978-1998): The evolutionary, historical, and comparative perspectives. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 156, 151–171.
Zurück zum Zitat Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1994). Politicians and firms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109, 995–1025.CrossRef Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1994). Politicians and firms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109, 995–1025.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sicular, T. (1998). Capital flight and foreign investment: Two tales from China and Russia. The World Economy, 21(5), 589–602.CrossRef Sicular, T. (1998). Capital flight and foreign investment: Two tales from China and Russia. The World Economy, 21(5), 589–602.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Siegel, J. (2007). Contingent political capital and international alliances: Evidence from South Korea. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52, 621–666.CrossRef Siegel, J. (2007). Contingent political capital and international alliances: Evidence from South Korea. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52, 621–666.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Smallbone, D., & Welter, F. (2001). The Distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Small Business Economics, 16(4), 249–262.CrossRef Smallbone, D., & Welter, F. (2001). The Distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Small Business Economics, 16(4), 249–262.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stark, D., & Vedres, B. (2012). Political holes in the economy. American Sociological Review, 77, 700–722.CrossRef Stark, D., & Vedres, B. (2012). Political holes in the economy. American Sociological Review, 77, 700–722.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Steinfeld, E. (2010). Playing our game. New York: Oxford University Press. Steinfeld, E. (2010). Playing our game. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Sun, P., Mellahi, K., & Thun, E. (2010). The dynamic value of MNE political embeddedness. Journal of International Business Studies, 41, 1161–1182.CrossRef Sun, P., Mellahi, K., & Thun, E. (2010). The dynamic value of MNE political embeddedness. Journal of International Business Studies, 41, 1161–1182.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tan, J., Yang, J., & Veliyath, R. (2009). Particularistic and system trust among small and medium enterprises: A comparative study in China’s transition economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(6), 544–557.CrossRef Tan, J., Yang, J., & Veliyath, R. (2009). Particularistic and system trust among small and medium enterprises: A comparative study in China’s transition economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(6), 544–557.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tsang, E. (1994). Threats and opportunities faced by private businesses in China. Journal of Business Venturing, 9, 451–468.CrossRef Tsang, E. (1994). Threats and opportunities faced by private businesses in China. Journal of Business Venturing, 9, 451–468.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Walder, A. G. (2002). Income determination and market opportunity in rural China, 1978-1996. Journal of Comparative Economics, 30(2), 354–375.CrossRef Walder, A. G. (2002). Income determination and market opportunity in rural China, 1978-1996. Journal of Comparative Economics, 30(2), 354–375.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weingast, B. R. (1995). The economic role of political institutions: Market preserving federalism and economic development. Journal of Law Economics and Organization, 11, 1–31. Weingast, B. R. (1995). The economic role of political institutions: Market preserving federalism and economic development. Journal of Law Economics and Organization, 11, 1–31.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, X. (2006). Communist cadres and market opportunities: Entry to self-employment in China, 1978–1996. Social Forces, 85(1), 389–411.CrossRef Wu, X. (2006). Communist cadres and market opportunities: Entry to self-employment in China, 1978–1996. Social Forces, 85(1), 389–411.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Xin, K. R., & Pearce, J. L. (1996). Guanxi: connections as substitutes for formal institutional support. The Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1641–1658.CrossRef Xin, K. R., & Pearce, J. L. (1996). Guanxi: connections as substitutes for formal institutional support. The Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1641–1658.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zenger, T. R., Lazzarini, S. G., & Poppo, L. (2002). Informal and formal organization in new institutional economic. In P. Ingram & B. S. Silverman (Eds.), The new institutionalism in strategic management (pp. 275–303). Elsevier Science. Zenger, T. R., Lazzarini, S. G., & Poppo, L. (2002). Informal and formal organization in new institutional economic. In P. Ingram & B. S. Silverman (Eds.), The new institutionalism in strategic management (pp. 275–303). Elsevier Science.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, H., & Ming, L. (2000). The development report of Chinese private enterprises 1999 (Zhongguo Siying Qiye Fazhan Baogao, 1999). Beijing: China Social Sciences Literature Press. Zhang, H., & Ming, L. (2000). The development report of Chinese private enterprises 1999 (Zhongguo Siying Qiye Fazhan Baogao, 1999). Beijing: China Social Sciences Literature Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou, W. (2009). Bank financing in China’s private sector: The payoffs of political capital. World Development, 37(4), 787–799.CrossRef Zhou, W. (2009). Bank financing in China’s private sector: The payoffs of political capital. World Development, 37(4), 787–799.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou, W. (2010). The role of the state in making a national market: The evolution of the grain market in China. China Agricultural Economic Review, 2(3), 276–297.CrossRef Zhou, W. (2010). The role of the state in making a national market: The evolution of the grain market in China. China Agricultural Economic Review, 2(3), 276–297.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou, W. (2011). Regional deregulation and entrepreneurial growth in China’s transition economy. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 23(9–10), 853–876.CrossRef Zhou, W. (2011). Regional deregulation and entrepreneurial growth in China’s transition economy. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 23(9–10), 853–876.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou, W. (2012a). Regulatory models and entrepreneurial growth: Evidence from China’s transition economy. Strategic Change: Briefings in Entrepreneurial Finance, 21(3–4), 119–142.CrossRef Zhou, W. (2012a). Regulatory models and entrepreneurial growth: Evidence from China’s transition economy. Strategic Change: Briefings in Entrepreneurial Finance, 21(3–4), 119–142.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou, W. (2012b). Determinants and effects of research partnerships in China’s emerging market. Contemporary Economic Policy, 30(1), 129–147.CrossRef Zhou, W. (2012b). Determinants and effects of research partnerships in China’s emerging market. Contemporary Economic Policy, 30(1), 129–147.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou, W. (2013). Political connections and entrepreneurial investment: Evidence from China’s transition economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), 299–315.CrossRef Zhou, W. (2013). Political connections and entrepreneurial investment: Evidence from China’s transition economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), 299–315.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Regional institutional development, political connections, and entrepreneurial performance in China’s transition economy
verfasst von
Wubiao Zhou
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2014
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Small Business Economics / Ausgabe 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0921-898X
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0913
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9527-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2014

Small Business Economics 1/2014 Zur Ausgabe