Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Tribology Letters
Erschienen in: Tribology Letters 1/2015

01.10.2015 | Original Paper

Friction Modifier Additives

verfasst von: Hugh Spikes

Erschienen in: Tribology Letters | Ausgabe 1/2015

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The need for energy efficiency is leading to the growing use of additives that reduce friction in thin film boundary and mixed lubrication conditions. Several classes of such friction modifier additive exist, the main ones being organic friction modifiers, functionalised polymers, soluble organo-molybdenum additives and dispersed nanoparticles. All work in different ways. This paper reviews these four main types of lubricant friction modifier additive and outlines their history, research and the mechanisms by which they are currently believed to function. Aspects of their behaviour that are still not yet fully understood are highlighted.
Vorheriger Artikel In Vivo Measurement of the Friction Between Human Skin and Different Medical Compression Stockings
Nächster Artikel Construction of Highly Ordered Fluorinated Graphene Composite Coatings with Various Fluorine Contents for Enhanced Lubrication Performance

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Literatur
1.
Tang, Z., Li, S.: A review of recent developments of friction modifiers for liquid lubricants (2007-present). Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 18, 119–139 (2014)CrossRef
2.
Reynolds, O.: On the theory of lubrication and its application to Mr. Beauchamp Tower’s experiments, including an experimental determination of the viscosity of olive oil. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 40, 191–203 (1886)CrossRef
3.
Lanchester, F.W.: Communicated remarks to discussion on lubrication. Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 32, 29s–33s (1919)
4.
Wells, H.M., Southcombe, J.E.: The theory and practice of lubrication: the “Germ” process. J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 39, 51T–60T (1920)CrossRef
5.
Kingsbury, A.A.: New type of oil-testing machine and some of its results. Trans. ASME 24, 143–160 (1903)
6.
Deeley, M.: Oiliness and lubrication; Discussion on lubrication. Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 32, 1s–11s (1919)CrossRef
7.
Langmuir, I.: The mechanism of the surface phenomena of flotation. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1, 62–74 (1920)CrossRef
8.
Hardy, H.B., Doubleday, I.: Boundary lubrication—the paraffin series. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A100, 550–557 (1922)CrossRef
9.
Bowden, F.P., Tabor, D.: The Friction and Lubrication of Solids. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1971)
10.
Hersey, M.D.: Theory of lubrication. In: The problem of oiliness. Wiley, New York (1936)
11.
Allen, C.M., Drauglis, E.: Boundary layer lubrication: monolayer or multilayer. Wear 14, 363–384 (1969)CrossRef
12.
Bray, U.B., Moore, C.C., Merrill, D.R.: Improvements in diesel-engine lubricating oils. SAE Technical Paper No. 390125 (1939)
13.
Prutton, C.F., Frey, D.R., Turnbull, D., Dlouhy, G.: Corrosion of metals by organic acids in hydrocarbon solvents. Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, 90–100 (1945)CrossRef
14.
Cantrell, T.L., Peters, J.G., Smith, H.G.: Mineral oil compositions containing amidic acids or salts thereof. US Patent No. 2,699,427, 11 Jan 1955
15.
Eckert, G.W.: Adducts of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and aliphatic amines in gasoline. US Patent No. 3,055,746, 25 Sept 1962
16.
Schick, J.W., Kaminski, J.M.: Lubricant composition for reduction of fuel consumption in internal combustion engines. US Patent No. 4,304,678, 8 Dec 1981
17.
Puddington, I.E., Sirianni, A.F.: Friction reducing additives for lubricants. US Patent No. 2,689,224, 14 Sept 1954
18.
Hiebert, J., Rowe, C.N., Rudnick, L.R.: Alkylated citric acid adducts as antiwear and friction modifying additives. US Patent No. 5,338,470, 16 Aug 1994
19.
Kocsis, J., Vilardo, J.S., Brown, J.R., Barrer, D.E., Vickerman, R.J., Mosier, P.E.: Tartaric acid derivatives in fuel compositions. US Patent 8,133,290, 13 March 2012
20.
Heinz, W.E., Schiermeier, K.F.: Corrosion inhibiting composition. US Patent No. 2,482,517, 20 Sept 1949
21.
Haviland, M.L., Goodwin, M.C.: Fuel economy improvements with friction-modified engine oils in Environmental Protection Agency and road tests. SAE Technical Paper No. 790945 (1979)
22.
Dasai, M.: Lubricating oil composition. US Patent 5064546 (1991)
23.
Horodysky, A.G., Gemmill, Jr. R.M.: Mixed borate esters and their use as lubricant and fuel additives. US Patent No. 4,472,289, 18 Sept 1984
24.
Bowden, F.P., Leben, L.: The friction of lubricated metals. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A239, 1–27 (1940)CrossRef
25.
Spikes, H.A., Cameron, A.: A comparison of adsorption and boundary lubricant failure. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A336, 407–419 (1974)CrossRef
26.
Okabe, H., Masuko, M., Sakurai, K.: Dynamic behavior of surface-adsorbed molecules under boundary lubrication. ASLE Trans. 24, 467–473 (1981)CrossRef
27.
Jahanmir, S., Beltzer, M.: An adsorption model for friction in boundary lubrication. ASLE Trans. 29, 423–430 (1986)CrossRef
28.
Hardy, W., Bircumshaw, I.: Bakerian lecture. Boundary lubrication. Plane surfaces and the limitations of Amontons’ law. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A108, 1–27 (1925)CrossRef
29.
Beare, W.G., Bowden, F.P.: Physical properties of surfaces. I. Kinetic friction. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A234, 329–354 (1935)CrossRef
30.
Bowden, F.P., Gregory, J.N., Tabor, D.: Lubrication of metal surfaces by fatty acids. Nature 15, 97–101 (1945)CrossRef
31.
Jahanmir, S.: Chain length effects in boundary lubrication. Wear 102, 331–349 (1985)CrossRef
32.
Studt, P.: Boundary lubrication: adsorption of oil additives on steel and ceramic surfaces and its influence on friction and wear. Tribol. Int. 22, 111–119 (1989)CrossRef
33.
Cottington, R.L., Shafrin, E.G., Zisman, W.A.: Physical properties of monolayers at the solid/air interface. III. Friction and durability of films on stainless steel. J. Phys. Chem. 62, 513–518 (1958)CrossRef
34.
Jahanmir, S., Beltzer, M.: Effect of additive molecular structure on friction coefficient and adsorption. Trans. ASME J. Tribol. 108, 109–116 (1986)CrossRef
35.
Campen, S.M.: Fundamentals of organic friction modifier behaviour. PhD Thesis, Imperial College London (2012)
36.
Whitehead, J.R.: Surface deformation and friction of metals at light loads. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A201, 109–124 (1950)CrossRef
37.
Deryaguin, B.V., Karassev, V.V., Zakhavaeva, N.N., Lazarev, V.P.: The mechanism of boundary lubrication and the properties of the lubricating film: short- and long-range action in the theory of boundary lubrication. Wear 1, 277–290 (1958)CrossRef
38.
Briscoe, B.J., Evans, D.C.B.: The shear properties of Langmuir–Blodgett layers. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 380, 389–407 (1982)CrossRef
39.
Frewing, J.J.: The influence of temperature on boundary lubrication. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A181, 23–42 (1942)CrossRef
40.
Bowden, F.P., Gregory, J.N., Tabor, D.: Lubrication of metal surfaces by fatty acids. Nature 156, 97–101 (1945)CrossRef
41.
Salem, L.: Attractive forces between long saturated chains at short distances. J. Chem. Phys. 37, 2100–2113 (1962)CrossRef
42.
Beltzer, M., Jahanmir, S.: Role of dispersion interactions between hydrocarbon chains in boundary lubrication. ASLE Trans. 30, 47–54 (1987)CrossRef
43.
Studt, P.: The influence of the structure of isomeric octadecanols on their adsorption from solution on iron and their lubricating properties. Wear 70, 329–334 (1981)CrossRef
44.
Bowden, F.P., Moore, A.C.: Physical and chemical adsorption of long chain compounds on radioactive metals. Trans. Faraday Soc. 47, 900–908 (1951)CrossRef
45.
Cook, H.D., Ries Jr, H.: Adsorption of radiostearic acid and radiostearyl alcohol from n-hexadecane onto solid surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. 63, 226–230 (1959)CrossRef
46.
Gaines, G.L.: Some observations on monolayers of carbon-14 labeled stearic acid. J. Colloid Sci. 15, 321–339 (1960)CrossRef
47.
Block, A., Simms, B.B.: Desorption and exchange of adsorbed octadecylamine and stearic acid on steel and glass. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 25, 514–518 (1967)CrossRef
48.
Allara, D.L., Nuzzo, R.G.: Spontaneously organized molecular assemblies. 1. Formation, dynamics, and physical properties of n-alkanoic acids adsorbed from solution on an oxidized aluminum surface. Langmuir 1, 45–52 (1985)CrossRef
49.
Hutchinson, E.: On adsorption and lubrication at crystal surfaces. Part II. On the adsorption of paraffin chain compounds on sodium nitrate. Trans. Faraday Soc. 43, 439–442 (1947)CrossRef
50.
Greenhill, E.B.: The adsorption of long chain polar compounds from solution on metal surfaces. Trans. Faraday Soc. 45, 625–631 (1949)CrossRef
51.
Daniel, S.G.: The adsorption on metal surfaces of long chain polar compounds from hydrocarbon solutions. Trans. Faraday Soc. 47, 1345–1359 (1951)CrossRef
52.
Hirst, W., Lancaster, J.K.: Effect of water on the interaction between stearic acid and fine powders. Trans. Faraday Soc. 47, 315–322 (1951)CrossRef
53.
Askwith, T.C., Cameron, A., Crouch, R.F.: Chain length of additives in relation to lubricants in thin film and boundary lubrication. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A291, 500–519 (1966)CrossRef
54.
Grew, W., Cameron, A.: Friction transition temperature effect of matching surfactant and carrier. Nature 214, 429–430 (1967)CrossRef
55.
Okabe, H., Kanno, T.: Behavior of polar compounds in lubricating-oil films. ASLE Trans. 24, 459–466 (1981)CrossRef
56.
Hirano, F., Sakai, T., Kuwano, N., Ohno, N.: Chain matching between hydrocarbon and fatty acid as interfacial phenomena. Tribol. Int. 20, 186–204 (1987)CrossRef
57.
Georges, J.M., Tonck, A., Mazuyer, D.: Interfacial friction of wetted monolayers. Wear 175, 59–62 (1994)CrossRef
58.
Zhu, Y., Ohtani, H., Greenfield, M.L., Ruths, M., Granick, S.: Modification of boundary lubrication by oil-soluble friction modifier additives. Tribol. Lett. 15, 127–134 (2003)CrossRef
59.
Mazuyer, D., Cayer-Barrioz, J., Tonck, A., Jarnias, F.: Friction dynamics of confined weakly adhering boundary layers. Langmuir 24, 3857–3866 (2008)CrossRef
60.
Lundgren, S.M., Ruths, M., Danerlöv, K., Persson, K.: Effects of unsaturation on film structure and friction of fatty acids in a model base oil. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 326, 530–536 (2008)CrossRef
61.
Slough, C.G., Ohtani, H., Everson, M.P., Melotik, D.J.: The effect of friction modifiers on the low-speed friction characteristics of automatic transmission fluids observed with scanning force microscopy. SAE Technical Paper No. 981099 (1998)
62.
Ruths, M., Lundgren, S., Danerlöv, K., Persson, K.: Friction of fatty acids in nanometer-sized contacts of different adhesive strength. Langmuir 24, 1509–1516 (2008)CrossRef
63.
Cheng, H., Hu, Y.: Influence of chain ordering on frictional properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMS) in nano-lubrication. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 171–172, 53–65 (2012)CrossRef
64.
Campen, S., Green, J.H., Lamb, G.D., Spikes, H.A.: In situ study of model organic friction modifiers using liquid cell AFM: self-assembly of octadecylamine. Tribol. Lett. 58, 1–15 (2015)CrossRef
65.
Lundgren, S.M., Persson, K., Kronberg, B., Claesson, P.M.: Adsorption of fatty acids from alkane solution studied with quartz crystal microbalance. Tribol. Lett. 22, 15–20 (2006)CrossRef
66.
Ratoi, M., Anghel, V., Bovington, C., Spikes, H.A.: Mechanisms of oiliness additives. Tribol. Int. 33, 241–247 (2000)CrossRef
67.
Campana, M., Teichert, A., Clarke, S., Steitz, R., Webster, J.R., Zarbakhsh, A.: Surfactant adsorption at the metal–oil interface. Langmuir 27, 6085–6090 (2011)CrossRef
68.
Hirayama, T., Torii, T., Konishi, Y., Maeda, M., Matsuoka, T., Inoue, K., Takeda, M.: Thickness and density of adsorbed additive layer on metal surface in lubricant by neutron reflectometry. Tribol. Int. 54, 100–105 (2012)CrossRef
69.
Allara, D.L., Nuzzo, R.G.: Spontaneously organized molecular assemblies. 2. Quantitative infrared spectroscopic determination of equilibrium structures of solution-adsorbed n-alkanoic acids on an oxidized aluminum surface. Langmuir 1, 52–66 (1985)CrossRef
70.
Marrucci, L., Paparo, D., Cerrone, G., Solimeno, S., Russo, R., Lenza, T.L., Siano, P.: Optical analysis of surfaces by second-harmonic generation: possible applications to tribology. Tribotest 8, 329–337 (2002)CrossRef
71.
Koshima, H., Kamano, H., Hisaeda, Y., Liu, H., Ye, S.: Analyses of the adsorption structures of friction modifiers by means of quantitative structure-property relationship method and sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Tribol. Online 5, 165–172 (2010)CrossRef
72.
Porter, M.D., Bright, T.B., Allara, D.L., Chidseyi, C.E.D.: Spontaneously organized molecular assemblies. 4. Structural characterization of n-alkyl thiol monolayers on gold by optical ellipsometry, infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 3559–3568 (1987)CrossRef
73.
Maoz, R., Sagiv, J.: On the formation and structure of self-assembling monolayers I A comparative ATR-wettability study of Langmuir-Blodgett and adsorbed films on flat substrates and glass microbeads. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 100, 465–496 (1984)CrossRef
74.
Tsukruk, V.V., Bliznyuk, V.N., Hazel, J., Visser, D., Everson, M.P.: Organic molecular films under shear forces: fluid and solid Langmuir monolayers. Langmuir 12, 4840–4849 (1996)CrossRef
75.
Bhushan, B., Liu, H.: Nanotribological properties and mechanisms of alkylthiol and biphenyl thiol self-assembled monolayers studied by AFM. Phys. Rev. B 63, 245412 (2001)CrossRef
76.
Xiao, X., Hu, J., Charych, D.H., Salmeron, M.: Chain length dependence of the frictional properties of alkylsilane molecules self-assembled on mica studied by atomic force microscopy. Langmuir 1, 235–237 (1996)CrossRef
77.
Benitez, J.J., Kopta, S., Ogletree, D.F., Salmeron, M.: Preparation and characterization of self-assembled monolayers of octadecylamine on mica using hydrophobic solvents. Langmuir 18, 6096–6100 (2002)CrossRef
78.
Brewer, N.J., Beake, B.D., Leggett, G.J.: Friction force microscopy of self-assembled monolayers: influence of adsorbate alkyl chain length, terminal group chemistry, and scan velocity. Langmuir 17, 1970–1974 (2001)CrossRef
79.
Lee, S., Shon, Y.S., Colorado, R., Guenard, R.L., Lee, T.R., Perry, S.S.: The influence of packing densities and surface order on the frictional properties of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold: a comparison of SAMs derived from normal and spiroalkanedithiols. Langmuir 16, 2220–2224 (2000)CrossRef
80.
Salmeron, M.: Generation of defects in model lubricant monolayers and their contribution to energy dissipation in friction. Tribol. Lett. 10, 69–79 (2001)CrossRef
81.
Campen, S., Green, J.H., Lamb, G.D., Spikes, H.A.: In situ study of model organic friction modifiers using liquid cell AFM; saturated and mono-unsaturated carboxylic acids. Tribol. Lett. 57, 1–20 (2015)CrossRef
82.
Glovnea, R.P., Forrest, A.K., Olver, A.V., Spikes, H.A.: Measurement of sub-nanometer lubricant films using ultra-thin film interferometry. Tribol. Lett. 15, 217–230 (2003)CrossRef
83.
Fraenkel, R., Butterworth, G.E., Bain, C.D.: In situ vibrational spectroscopy of an organic monolayer at the sapphire–quartz interface. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 203–204 (1998)CrossRef
84.
Beattie, D.A., Haydock, S., Bain, C.D.: A comparative study of confined organic monolayers by Raman scattering and sum-frequency spectroscopy. Vib. Spectrosc. 24, 109–123 (2000)CrossRef
85.
Jacob, J.D.C., Rittikulsittichai, S., Lee, T.R., Baldelli, S.: Characterization of SAMs derived from octadecyloxyphenylethanethiols by sum frequency generation. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 9355–9365 (2013)CrossRef
86.
Beattie, D.A., Fraenkel, R., Winget, S.A., Petersen, A., Bain, C.D.: Sum-frequency spectroscopy of a monolayer of zinc arachidate at the solid-solid interface. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 2278–2292 (2006)CrossRef
87.
Miyake, K., Kume, T., Nakano, M., Korenaga, A., Takiwatari, K., Tsuboi, R., Sasaki, S.: Effects of surface chemical properties on the frictional properties of self-assembled monolayers lubricated with oleic acid. Tribol. Online 7, 218–224 (2012)CrossRef
88.
Simič, R., Kalin, M., Hirayama, T., Korelis, P., Geue, T.: Fatty acid adsorption on several DLC coatings studied by neutron reflectometry. Tribol. Lett. 53, 199–206 (2014)CrossRef
89.
Nakano, K., Spikes, H.A.: Initial process of boundary film formation with fatty acid solution. Tribol. Online 7, 1–7 (2012)CrossRef
90.
Walba, D.M., Liberko, C.A.: Self-assembled monolayers for liquid crystal alignment. US Patent No. 5,596,434, 21 Jan 1997
91.
Campen, S., Green, J.H., Lamb, G.D., Atkinson, D., Spikes, H.A.: On the increase in boundary friction with sliding speed. Tribol. Lett. 48, 237–248 (2012)CrossRef
92.
Topolovec-Miklozic, K., Forbus, T.R., Spikes, H.A.: Performance of friction modifiers on ZDDP-generated surfaces. Tribol. Trans. 50, 328–335 (2007)CrossRef
93.
Vengudusamy, B.: Behaviour of lubricant additives on DLC coatings. PhD Thesis, Imperial College London (2011)
94.
Kano, M., Yasuda, Y., Okamoto, Y., Mabuchi, Y., Hamada, T., Ueno, T., Yec, J., Konishi, S., Takeshima, S., Martin, J.M., De Barros Bouchet, M.I., Le Mogne, T.: Ultralow friction of DLC in presence of glycerol mono-oleate (GMO). Tribol. Lett. 18, 245–251 (2005)CrossRef
95.
Minami, I., Kubo, T., Nanao, H., Mori, S., Sagawa, T., Okuda, S.: Investigation of tribo-chemistry by means of stable isotopic tracers, Part 2: lubrication mechanism of friction modifiers on diamond-like carbon. Tribol. Trans. 50, 477–487 (2007)CrossRef
96.
Glosli, J.N., McClelland, G.M.: Molecular dynamics study of sliding friction of ordered organic monolayers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1960–1963 (1993)CrossRef
97.
Koike, A., Yoneya, M.: Molecular dynamics simulations of sliding friction of Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers. J. Chem. Phys. 105, 6060–6067 (1996)CrossRef
98.
Koike, A., Yoneya, M.: Effects of molecular structure on frictional properties of Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers. Langmuir 13, 1718–1722 (1997)CrossRef
99.
Mikulski, P.T., Herman, L.A., Harrison, J.A.: Odd and even model self-assembled monolayers: links between friction and structure. Langmuir 21, 12197–12206 (2005)CrossRef
100.
Wu, C.D., Lin, J.F., Fang, T.H.: Molecular dynamic simulation and characterization of self-assembled monolayer under sliding friction. Comput. Mater. Sci. 39, 808–816 (2007)CrossRef
101.
Moller, M.A., Tildesley, D.J., Kim, K.S., Quirke, N.: Molecular dynamics simulation of a Langmuir–Blodgett film. J. Chem. Phys. 94, 8390–8401 (1991)CrossRef
102.
Doig, M., Camp, P.J.: The structures of hexadecylamine films adsorbed on iron-oxide surfaces in dodecane and hexadecane. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 5248–5255 (2015)CrossRef
103.
Doig, M., Warrens, C.P., Camp, P.J.: Structure and friction of stearic acid and oleic acid films adsorbed on iron oxide surfaces in squalane. Langmuir 30, 186–195 (2013)CrossRef
104.
Loehle, S., Matta, C., Minfray, C., Le Mogne, T., Martin, J.M., Iovine, R., Obara, Y., Miura, R., Miyamoto, A.: Mixed lubrication with C18 fatty acids: effect of unsaturation. Tribol. Lett. 53, 319–328 (2014)CrossRef
105.
Cameron, A.: A theory of boundary lubrication. ASLE Trans. 2, 195–198 (1959)
106.
Drauglis, E., Lucas, A.A., Allen, C.M.: Smectic model for liquid films on solid surfaces. Part 1—application to monolayer boundary lubrication. Spec. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1, 251–256 (1970)CrossRef
107.
Sutcliffe, M.J., Taylor, S.R., Cameron, A.: Molecular asperity theory of boundary friction. Wear 51, 181–192 (1978)CrossRef
108.
Tabor, D.: The role of surface and intermolecular forces in thin film lubrication. Tribology series. In: Georges, J.M. (ed.) Microscopic Aspects of Adhesion and Lubrication, vol. 7, pp. 651–682. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1982)
109.
Dorinson, A.: The slow speed frictional behavior of some lubricant additive type-substances. ASLE Trans. 13, 215–224 (1970)CrossRef
110.
Chugg, K.J., Chaudhri, M.M.: Boundary lubrication and shear properties of thin solid films of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (TA 100). J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 26, 1993–2000 (1993)CrossRef
111.
Ingram, M., Noles, J., Watts, R., Harris, S., Spikes, H.A.: Frictional properties of automatic transmission fluids: Part 1: measurement of friction-sliding speed behaviour. Tribol. Trans. 54, 145–153 (2011)CrossRef
112.
Drummond, C., Israelachvili, J., Richetti, Ph: Friction between two weakly adhering boundary lubricated surfaces in water. Phys. Rev. E 67, 066110 (2003)CrossRef
113.
Yoshizawa, H., Chen, Y.L., Israelachvili, J.: Fundamental mechanisms of interfacial friction. 1. Relation between adhesion and friction. J. Phys. Chem. 97, 4128–4140 (1993)CrossRef
114.
Spikes, H.A.: The half-wetted bearing. Part 2: potential application in low load contacts. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J. 217, 15–26 (2003)CrossRef
115.
Spikes, H.A.: Slip at the wall—evidence and tribological implications. In: Dowson, D., et al. (ed.) Proceedings of 29th Leeds/Lyon Symposium, Tribological Research and Design for Engineering Systems, pp. 525–535. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2003)
116.
Choo, J.H., Spikes, H.A., Ratoi, M., Glovnea, R., Forrest, A.: Friction reduction in low-load hydrodynamic lubrication with a hydrophobic surface. Tribol. Int. 40, 154–159 (2007)CrossRef
117.
Hare, E.F., Zisman, W.A.: Autophobic liquids and the properties of their adsorbed films. J. Phys. Chem. 59, 335–340 (1954)CrossRef
118.
Choo, J.-H., Forrest, A.K., Spikes, H.A.: Influence of organic friction modifier on liquid slip: a new mechanism of organic friction modifier action. Tribol. Lett. 27, 239–244 (2007)CrossRef
119.
Briscoe, B.J., Evans, D.C.B., Tabor, D.: The influence of contact pressure and saponification on the sliding behavior of stearic acid monolayers. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 61, 9–13 (1977)CrossRef
120.
Briscoe, B.J., Tabor, D.: Rheology of thin organic films. ASLE Trans. 17, 158–165 (1974)CrossRef
121.
Cooper, H.S., Damerell, V.R.: Lubricants suitable for various uses. US Patent 2156803 (1939)
122.
Risdon, T.J., Gresty, D.A.: An historical review of reductions in fuel consumption of United States and European engines with MoS2. SAE Technical Paper 750674 (1975)
123.
White, H.S., Zei, D.: Static friction tests with various metal combinations and special lubricants. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 46, 292–298 (1951)CrossRef
124.
Gansheimer, J., Holinski, R.: Molybdenum disulfide in oils and greases under boundary conditions. Trans. ASME J. Tribol. 95, 242–246 (1973)
125.
Gänsheimer, J., Holinski, R.: A study of solid lubricants in oils and greases under boundary conditions. Wear 19, 439–449 (1972)CrossRef
126.
Hugel, G.: Fragen der Schmierőlforschung. Erdol und Kohle 8, 651–655 (1955)
127.
Hugel, G.: Bleu de molybène soluble dans les hydrocarbures. French Patent FR1099953A (1955)
128.
Spengler, G., Weber, A.: Über die Schmierfähigkeit organischer Molybdänverbindungen. Chem. Ber. 92, 2163–2171 (1959)CrossRef
129.
Feng, I.M., Perilstein, W.L., Adams, M.R.: Solid film deposition and non-sacrificial boundary lubrication. ASLE Trans. 6, 60–66 (1963)CrossRef
130.
Black, A.L., Dunster, R.W.: Comparative study of surface deposits and behaviour of MoS2 particles and molybdenum dialkyl-dithio-phosphate. Wear 13, 119–132 (1969)CrossRef
131.
Gresty, D.A., Kunz, E.J., Risdon, T.J.: The effect of MoS2 based lubricants on automotive gear efficiency and operating temperatures. SAE Technical Paper 770834 (1977)
132.
Braithwaite, E.R., Greene, A.B.: A critical analysis of the performance of molybdenum compounds in motor vehicles. Wear 46, 405–432 (1978)CrossRef
133.
Greene, A.B., Risdon, T.J.: The effect of molybdenum-containing, oil-soluble friction modifiers on engine fuel economy and gear oil efficiency. SAE Technical Paper 811187 (1981)
134.
Sakurai, T., Okabe, H., Isoyama, H.: The synthesis of di-μ-thio-dithio-bis (dialkyldithiocarbamates) dimolybdenum (V) and their effects on boundary lubrication. Bull. Jpn. Pet. Inst. 13, 243–249 (1971)CrossRef
135.
Mitchell, P.C.: Oil-soluble Mo–S compounds as lubricant additives. Wear 100, 281–300 (1984)CrossRef
136.
Yamamoto, Y., Gondo, S., Kamakura, T., Tanaka, N.: Frictional characteristics of molybdenum dithiophosphates. Wear 112, 79–87 (1986)CrossRef
137.
Graham, J., Korcek, S., Spikes, H.A.: The friction-reducing properties of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate additives. Part 1. Factors influencing friction reduction. Tribol. Trans. 44, 626–636 (2001)CrossRef
138.
Graham, J.C.H.: The behaviour of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate friction modifier additives. PhD Thesis, University of London (2001)
139.
Yamamoto, Y., Gondo, S.: Friction and wear characteristics of molybdenum dithiocarbamate and molybdenum dithiophosphate. Tribol. Trans. 32, 251–257 (1989)CrossRef
140.
Gondo, S., Konishi, M.: Organoamine and organophosphate molybdenum complexes as lubricant additives. Wear 12, 51–60 (1987)
141.
Grossiord, C., Varlot, K., Martin, J.M., Le Mogne, Th, Esnouf, C., Inoue, K.: MoS2 Single sheet lubrication by molybdenum dithiocarbamate. Tribol. Int. 31, 737–743 (1998)CrossRef
142.
Evans, R.D., Doll, G.L., Hager, C.H., Howe, J.Y.: Influence of steel type on the propensity for tribochemical wear in boundary lubrication with a wind turbine gear oil. Tribol. Lett. 38, 25–32 (2010)CrossRef
143.
Topolovec Miklozic, K., Graham, J., Spikes, H.: Chemical and physical analysis of reaction films formed by molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate friction modifier additive using Raman and atomic force microscopy. Tribol. Lett. 11, 71–81 (2001)CrossRef
144.
Unnikrishnan, R., Jain, M.C., Harinarayan, A.K., Mehta, A.K.: Additive–additive interaction: an XPS study of the effect of ZDDP on the AW/EP characteristics of molybdenum based additives. Wear 252, 240–249 (2002)CrossRef
145.
Windom, B.C., Sawyer, W.G., Hahn, D.W.: A Raman spectroscopic study of MoS2 and MoO3: applications to tribological systems. Tribol. Lett. 42, 301–310 (2011)CrossRef
146.
Muraki, M., Yanagi, Y., Sakaguchi, K.: Synergistic effect on frictional characteristics under rolling-sliding conditions due to a combination of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. Tribol. Int. 30, 69–75 (1997)CrossRef
147.
Kasrai, M., Cutler, J.N., Gore, K., Canning, G., Bancroft, G.M., Tan, K.H.: The chemistry of antiwear films generated by the combination of ZDDP and MoDTC examined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Tribol. Trans. 41, 69–77 (1998)CrossRef
148.
Martin, J.M., Grossiord, C., Varlot, K., Vacher, B., Igarashi, J.: Synergistic effects in binary systems of lubricant additives: a chemical hardness approach. Tribol. Lett. 8, 193–201 (2000)CrossRef
149.
Graham, J., Jensen, R., Spikes, H.A.: The friction-reducing properties of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate additives. Part 2. Durability of friction reducing capability. Tribol. Trans. 44, 637–646 (2001)CrossRef
150.
Morina, A., Neville, A.: Understanding the composition and low friction tribofilm formation/removal in boundary lubrication. Tribol. Int. 40, 1696–1704 (2007)CrossRef
151.
Spikes, H.A.: Additive-additive and additive-surface interactions in lubrication. Lubr. Sci. 2, 3–23 (1989)CrossRef
152.
Topolovec-Miklozic, K., Cann, P.M., Spikes, H.A.: The use of AFM to study lubricant films. In: Franek, F., et al. (ed.) Plenary and Session Key Papers. 2nd WTC Conference, Vienna (2001)
153.
Ye, J., Kano, M., Yasuda, Y.: Determination of nanostructures and mechanical properties on the surface of molybdenum dithiocarbamate and zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphate tribochemical reacted films using atomic force microscope phase imaging technique. J. Appl. Phys. 93, 5113–5117 (2003)CrossRef
154.
Ye, J., Kano, M., Yasuda, Y.: Evaluation of nanoscale friction depth distribution in ZDDP and MoDTC tribochemical reacted films using a nanoscratch method. Tribol. Lett. 16, 107–112 (2004)CrossRef
155.
Johnson, M.D., Jensen, R.K., Clausing, E.M., Schriewer, K., Korcek, S.: Effects of aging on frictional properties of fuel efficient engine oils. SAE Technical Paper 952532 (1995)
156.
Johnson, M.D., Jensen, R.K., Korcek, S.: Base oil effects on friction reducing capabilities of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate containing engine oils. SAE Technical Paper 972860 (1997)
157.
Hoshino, K., Kawai, H., Akiyama, K.: Fuel efficiency of SAE 5 W-20 friction modified gasoline engine oil. SAE Technical Paper 982506 (1998)
158.
de Barros’ Bouchet, M.I., Martin, J.M., Le-Mogne, T., Vacher, B.: Boundary lubrication mechanisms of carbon coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP additives. Tribol. Int. 38, 257–264 (2005)CrossRef
159.
Topolovec-Miklozic, K., Lockwood, F., Spikes, H.: Behaviour of boundary lubricating additives on DLC coatings. Wear 265, 1893–1901 (2008)CrossRef
160.
Shinyoshi, T., Fuwa, Y., Ozaki, Y.: Wear analysis of DLC coating in oil containing Mo-DTC. SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1969 (2007)
161.
Haque, T., Morina, A., Neville, A., Kapadi, R., Arrowsmith, S.: Effect of oil additives on the durability of hydrogenated DLC coating under boundary lubrication conditions. Wear 266, 147–157 (2009)CrossRef
162.
Vengudusamy, B., Green, J.H., Lamb, G.D., Spikes, H.A.: Behaviour of MoDTC in DLC/DLC and DLC/steel contacts. Tribol. Int. 54, 68–76 (2012)CrossRef
163.
Sugimoto, I., Honda, F., Inoue, K.: Analysis of wear behavior and graphitization of hydrogenated DLC under boundary lubricant with MoDTC. Wear 305, 124–128 (2013)CrossRef
164.
Masuko, M., Ono, T., Aoki, S., Suzuki, A., Ito, H.: Friction and wear characteristics of DLC coatings with different hydrogen content lubricated with several Mo-containing compounds and their related compounds. Tribol. Int. 82, 350–357 (2015)CrossRef
165.
Coffey, T.A., Forster, G.D., Hogarth, G.: Molybdenum(VI) imidodisulfur complexes formed via double sulfur–carbon bond cleavage of dithiocarbamates. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2, 183–193 (1996)CrossRef
166.
Sarin, R., Tuli, D.K., Sureshbabu, A.V., Misra, A.K., Rai, M.M., Bhatnagar, A.K.: Molybdenum dialkylphosphorodithioates: synthesis and performance evaluation as multifunctional additives for lubricants. Tribol. Int. 27, 379–386 (1994)CrossRef
167.
Tanaka, N., Fukushima, A., Tatsumi, Y., Saito, Y.: A molybdenum dithiocarbamate, improved stability and solubility. US Patent 5,627,146, 6 May 1997
168.
Tynik, R.J., Donnelly, S.G., Karol, T.J: Additive for lubricating oil compositions, comprising the reaction product of: at least one asymmetrical dialkylamine, carbon disulfide, and a molybdenum source. US Patent 7,763,744, 27 July 2010
169.
Yajun, M., Wancheng, Z., Shenghua, L., Yuansheng, J., Yucong, W., Simon, T.: Tribological performance of three advanced piston rings in the presence of MoDTC-modified GF-3 oils. Tribol. Lett. 18, 75–83 (2005)CrossRef
170.
Hu, J.Q., Wei, X.Y., Dai, G.L., Fei, Y.W., Xie, F., Zong, Z.M.: Tribological behaviors and mechanism of sulfur- and phosphorus-free organic molybdate ester with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. Tribol. Intern. 41, 549–555 (2008)CrossRef
171.
Yan, L., Yue, W., Wang, C., Wei, D., Xu, B.: Comparing tribological behaviors of sulfur- and phosphorus-free organomolybdenum additive with ZDDP and MoDTC. Tribol. Int. 53, 150–158 (2012)CrossRef
172.
Okrent, E.H.: The effect of lubricant viscosity and composition on engine friction and bearing wear. ASLE Trans. 4, 97–108 (1961)CrossRef
173.
Okrent, E.H.: The effect of lubricant viscosity and composition on engine friction and bearing wear. II. ASLE Trans. 4, 257–262 (1961)CrossRef
174.
Cann, P.M., Spikes, H.A.: The behavior of polymer solutions in concentrated contacts: immobile surface layer formation. Tribol. Trans. 37, 580–586 (1994)CrossRef
175.
Georges, J.M., Millot, S., Loubet, J.L., Tonck, A.: Drainage of thin liquid films between relatively smooth surfaces. J. Chem. Phys. 98, 7345–7360 (1993)CrossRef
176.
Smeeth, M., Gunsel, S., Spikes, H.A.: Boundary film formation by viscosity index improvers. Tribol. Trans. 39, 726–734 (1996)CrossRef
177.
Guangteng, G., Smeeth, M., Cann, P.M., Spikes, H.A.: Measurement and modelling of boundary film properties of polymeric lubricant additives. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J. 210, 1–15 (1996)CrossRef
178.
Smeeth, M., Gunsel, S., Spikes, H.A.: Friction and wear reduction by boundary film-forming viscosity index improvers. SAE Technical Paper 962037 (1996)
179.
Georges, E., Georges, J.M., Diraison, C.: Rheology of olefinic copolymer layers adsorbed on solid surfaces. Tribol. Trans. 39, 563–570 (1996)CrossRef
180.
Müller, M., Topolovec-Miklozic, K., Dardin, A., Spikes, H.A.: The design of boundary film-forming PMA viscosity modifiers. Tribol. Trans. 49, 225–232 (2006)CrossRef
181.
Fan, J., Stohr, T., Muller, M., Spikes, H.A.: Reduction of friction by functionalized viscosity index improvers. Tribol. Lett. 28, 287–298 (2007)CrossRef
182.
Munch, M.R., Gast, A.P.: A study of block copolymer adsorption kinetics via internal reflection interferometry. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 86, 1341–1348 (1990)CrossRef
183.
Chevalier, Y., Fixari, B., Brunel, S., Marie, E., De Guio, P.: Review: the adsorption of functional polymers from their organic solutions: applications to fuel additives. Polym. Int. 53, 475–483 (2004)CrossRef
184.
Brittain, W.J., Minko, S.: A structural definition of polymer brushes. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 45, 3505–3512 (2007)CrossRef
185.
Muller, M., Fan, J., Spikes, H.A.: Design of functionalised PAMA viscosity modifiers to reduce friction and wear in lubricating oils. ASTM Int. 4, Paper ID JAI100956 (2007)
186.
Muller, M., Fan, J., Spikes, H.A.: Influence of polymethacrylate viscosity index improvers on friction and wear of lubricant formulations. SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1985 (2007)
187.
Thompson, L, Randles, S.J., Boyde, S., Gamwell, J., Readman, N.: Friction reducing additive. US Patent Appl. 13/582,589, 3 March 2011
188.
Lee, S., Müller, M., Ratoi-Salagean, M., Vörös, J., Pasche, S., De Paul, S.M., Spikes, H.A., Textor, M., Spencer, N.D.: Boundary lubrication of oxide surfaces by poly(l-lysine)-g-poly (ethylene glycol)(PLL-g-PEG) in aqueous media. Tribol. Lett. 15, 231–239 (2003)CrossRef
189.
Müller, M., Lee, S., Spikes, H.A., Spencer, N.D.: The influence of molecular architecture on the macroscopic lubrication properties of the brush-like co-polyelectrolyte poly(l-lysine)-g-poly (ethylene glycol)(PLL-g-PEG) adsorbed on oxide surfaces. Tribol. Lett. 15, 395–405 (2003)CrossRef
190.
Yan, X., Perry, S.S., Spencer, N.D., Pasche, S., De Paul, S.M., Textor, M., Lim, M.S.: Reduction of friction at oxide interfaces upon polymer adsorption from aqueous solutions. Langmuir 20, 423–428 (2004)CrossRef
191.
Müller, M.T., Yan, X., Lee, S., Perry, S.S., Spencer, N.D.: Lubrication properties of a brushlike copolymer as a function of the amount of solvent absorbed within the brush. Macromolecules 38, 5706–5713 (2005)CrossRef
192.
Klein, J., Kumacheva, E., Mahalu, D., Perahia, D., Fetters, L.J.: Reduction of frictional forces between solid surfaces bearing polymer brushes. Nature 370, 634–636 (1994)CrossRef
193.
Kreer, T., Müser, M.H., Binder, K., Klein, J.: Frictional drag mechanisms between polymer-bearing surfaces. Langmuir 17, 7804–7813 (2001)CrossRef
194.
Klein, J.: Molecular mechanisms of synovial joint lubrication. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J. 220, 691–710 (2006)CrossRef
195.
Klein, J., Kumacheva, E., Perahia, D., Fetters, L.J.: Shear forces between sliding surfaces coated with polymer brushes: the high friction regime. Acta Polym. 49, 617–625 (1998)CrossRef
196.
Nomura, A., Okayasu, K., Ohno, K., Fukuda, T., Tsujii, Y.: Lubrication mechanism of concentrated polymer brushes in solvents: effect of solvent quality and thereby swelling state. Macromolecules 44, 5013–5019 (2011)CrossRef
197.
Bielecki, R.M., Benetti, E.M., Kumar, D., Spencer, N.D.: Lubrication with oil-compatible polymer brushes. Tribol. Lett. 45, 477–487 (2012)CrossRef
198.
Mitsui, H., Spikes, H.A.: Predicting EHD film thickness of lubricant polymer solutions. Tribol. Trans. 41, 1–10 (1998)CrossRef
199.
Mertes, R.W.: Modified lubricating oil. US Patent No. 2,501,731, 28 March 1950
200.
Peri, J.B.: The state of dispersion of detergent additives in lubricating oil and other hydrocarbons. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 35, 110–117 (1958)CrossRef
201.
Mansot, J.L., Hallouis, M., Martin, J.M.: Colloidal antiwear additives. 2. Tribological behaviour of colloidal additives in mild wear regime. Colloids Surf. A 75, 25–31 (1993)CrossRef
202.
Topolovec-Miklozic, K., Forbus, T.R., Spikes, H.A.: The film-forming and friction properties of overbased calcium sulphonate detergents. Tribol. Lett. 29, 33–44 (2008)CrossRef
203.
Bennington, J.E., Cole, D.E., Ghirla, P.J., Smith, R.K.: Stable colloid additives for engine oils—potential improvement in fuel economy. SAE Technical Paper 750677 (1975)
204.
Reick, F.G.: Lubricant oil containing polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorochemical surfactant. US Patent No. 4,224,173, 23 Sept 1980
205.
Reick, F.G.: Energy saving lubricants containing colloidal PTFE. Lubr. Eng. 38, 635–646 (1982)
206.
Chinas, F.C.: The behaviour of colloids in lubricated contacts. PhD Thesis, University of London (2000)
207.
Bakunin, V.N., Suslov, AYu., Kuzmina, G.N., Parenago, O.P.: Recent achievements in the synthesis and application of inorganic nanoparticles as lubricant components. Lubr. Sci. 17, 127–145 (2005)CrossRef
208.
Martin, J.M., Ohmae, N.: Nanolubricants, vol. 13. Wiley, New York (2008)CrossRef
209.
Zhou, J., Wu, Z., Zhang, Z., Liu, W., Xue, Q.: Tribological behaviour and lubricating mechanism of Cu nanoparticles in oil. Tribol. Lett. 8, 213–218 (2000)CrossRef
210.
Qiu, S., Zhou, Z., Dong, J., Chen, G.: Preparation of Ni nanoparticles and evaluation of their tribological performance as potential antiwear additives in oils. Trans. ASME. J. Tribol. 123, 441–443 (2001)CrossRef
211.
Chinas-Castillo, F., Spikes, H.A.: The behavior of colloidal solid particles in elastohydrodynamic contacts. Tribol. Trans. 43, 387–394 (2000)CrossRef
212.
Chinas-Castillo, F., Spikes, H.A.: The lubricating properties of dilute colloidal solid dispersions. In: Proceedings of ITC Conference, Nagasaki, Oct. 2000, vol. 1, pp. 649–654. Publ. JST 2001, Tokyo
213.
Xue, Q., Liu, W., Zhang, Z.: Friction and wear properties of a surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticle as an additive in liquid paraffin. Wear 213, 29–32 (1997)CrossRef
214.
Hu, Z.S., Dong, J.X., Chen, G.X.: Study of antiwear and reducing friction additive of nanometer ferric oxide. Tribol. Int. 31, 355–360 (1998)CrossRef
215.
Zhang, Z., Liu, W., Xue, Q.: Study of lubricating mechanism of La(OH)3 nanocluster modified by compound containing nitrogen in liquid paraffin. Wear 218, 139–144 (1998)CrossRef
216.
Battez, A., Hernández, R., González, J.L., Viesca, J.L., Fernández, J.E., Díaz Fernández, J.M., Machado, A., Chou, R., Riba, J.: CuO, ZrO2 and ZnO nanoparticles as antiwear additive in oil lubricants. Wear 265, 422–428 (2008)CrossRef
217.
Gupta, B.K., Bhushan, B.: Fullerene particles as an additive to liquid lubricants and greases for low friction and wear. Lubr. Eng. 50, 524–528 (1994)
218.
Ginzburg, B.M., Kireenko, O.F., Shepelevskii, A.A., Shibaev, L.A., Tochilnikov, D.G., Leksovskii, A.M.: Thermal and tribological; properties of fullerene-containing composite systems. Part 2. Formation of tribo-polymer films during boundary sliding friction in the presence of fullerene C60. J. Macromol. Sci. B 44, 93–115 (2005)CrossRef
219.
Joly-Pottuz, L., Vacher, B., Ohmae, N., Martin, J.M., Epicier, T.: Anti-wear and friction reducing mechanisms of carbon nano-onions as lubricant additives. Tribol. Lett. 30, 69–80 (2008)CrossRef
220.
Chen, C.S., Chen, X.H., Xu, L.S., Yang, Z., Li, W.H.: Modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with fatty acid and their tribological properties as lubricant additive. Carbon 43, 1660–1666 (2005)CrossRef
221.
Peng, Y., Hu, Y., Wang, H.: Tribological behaviors of surfactant-functionalized carbon nanotubes as lubricant additives in water. Tribol. Lett. 25, 247–253 (2006)CrossRef
222.
Zhang, W., Zhou, M., Zhu, H., Tian, Y., Wang, K., Wei, J., Ji, F., Li, X., Zhang, P., Wu, D.: Tribological properties of oleic acid-modified graphene as lubricant oil additives. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 44, 205303 (2011)CrossRef
223.
Lin, J., Wang, L., Chen, G.: Modification of graphene platelets and their tribological properties as a lubricant additive. Tribol. Lett. 41, 209–215 (2011)CrossRef
224.
Eswaraiah, V., Sankaranarayanan, V., Ramaprabhu, S.: Graphene-based engine oil nanofluids for tribological applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interface 3, 4221–4227 (2011)CrossRef
225.
Choudhary, S., Mungse, H.P., Khatri, O.P.: Dispersion of alkylated graphene in organic solvents and its potential for lubrication applications. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 21032–21039 (2012)CrossRef
226.
Cizaire, L., Vacher, B., Le Mogne, T., Martin, J.M., Rapoport, L., Margolin, A., Tenne, R.: Mechanisms of ultra-low friction by hollow inorganic fullerene-like MoS2 nanoparticles. Surf. Coat. 160, 282–287 (2002)CrossRef
227.
Tenne, R.: Inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles. Nat. Nanotech. 1, 103–111 (2006)CrossRef
228.
Joly-Pottuz, L., Dassenoy, F., Belin, M., Vacher, B., Martin, J.M., Fleischer, N.: Ultra-low friction and wear properties of IF-WS2 under boundary lubrication. Tribol. Lett. 18, 477–485 (2005)CrossRef
229.
Tevet, O., Von-Huth, P., Popovitz-Biro, R., Rosentsveig, R., Wagner, H.D., Tenne, R.: Friction mechanism of individual multilayered nanoparticles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 19901–19906 (2011)CrossRef
230.
Lahouij, I., Dassenoy, F., de Knoop, L., Martin, J.M., Vacher, B.: In situ TEM observation of the behavior of an individual fullerene-like MoS2 nanoparticle in a dynamic contact. Tribol. Lett. 42, 133–140 (2011)CrossRef
231.
Kimura, Y., Wakabayashi, T., Okada, K., Wada, T., Nishikawa, H.: Boron nitride as a lubricant additive. Wear 232, 199–206 (1999)CrossRef
232.
Reeves, C.J., Menezes, P.L., Lovell, M.R., Jen, T.-C.: The size effect of boron nitride particles on the tribological performance of biolubricants for energy conservation and sustainability. Tribol. Lett. 51, 437–452 (2013)CrossRef
233.
Lovell, M.R., Kabir, M.A., Menezes, P.L., Higgs, C.F.: Influence of boric acid additive size on green lubricant performance. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A368, 4851–4868 (2010)CrossRef
234.
Rabaso, P., Ville, F., Dassenoy, F., Diaby, M., Afanasiev, P., Cavoret, J., Vacher, B., Le Mogne, T.: Boundary lubrication: influence of the size and structure of inorganic fullerene-like MoS2 nanoparticles on friction and wear reduction. Wear 320, 161–178 (2014)CrossRef
235.
Chinas Castillo, F., Spikes, H.A.: Mechanism of action of colloidal solid dispersions. Trans. ASME J. Tribol. 125, 552–557 (2003)CrossRef
236.
Chauveau, V., Mazuyer, D., Dassenoy, F., Cayer-Barrioz, J.: In situ film-forming and friction-reduction mechanisms for carbon-nanotube dispersions in lubrication. Tribol. Lett. 47, 467–480 (2012)CrossRef
237.
Perfiliev, V., Moshkovith, A., Verdyan, A., Tenne, R., Rapoport, L.: A new way to feed nanoparticles to friction interfaces. Tribol. Lett. 21, 89–93 (2006)CrossRef
238.
Olomolehin, Y., Kapadia, R.G., Spikes, H.A.: Antagonistic interaction of antiwear additives and carbon black. Tribol. Lett. 37, 49–58 (2009)CrossRef
239.
Yamamoto, K., Kotaka, A., Umehara, K.: Additives for improving the fuel economy of diesel engine systems. Tribol. Online 5, 195–198 (2010)CrossRef
240.
Ramachandran, S., Tsai, B.L., Blanco, M., Chen, H., Tang, Y., Goddard, W.A.: Self-assembled monolayer mechanism for corrosion inhibition of iron by imidazolines. Langmuir 12, 6419–6428 (1996)CrossRef
241.
Lundgren, S.M., Eriksson, K., Rossenaar, B.: Boosting the friction performance of amine friction modifiers with MoDTC. SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 8, 827–830 (2015)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Friction Modifier Additives
verfasst von
Hugh Spikes
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Tribology Letters / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 1023-8883
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2711
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-015-0589-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2015

Tribology Letters 1/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Reply to Comment

Reply to Comment by Chung on “On the Correlation Between Mechanical Degradation of Lubricating Grease and Entropy”

Erratum

Erratum to: Wear Debris Mobility, Aligned Surface Roughness, and the Low Wear Behavior of Filled Polytetrafluoroethylene

Original Paper

Reduction in EHL Friction by a DLC Coating

Original Paper

In Vivo Measurement of the Friction Between Human Skin and Different Medical Compression Stockings

Original Paper

Direct Observation of Lubricant Components Between Wire and Diamond Die for Wire Drawing with a Micro-FTIR

Original Paper

QSPR Models for the Prediction of Friction Coefficient and Maximum Non-Seizure Load of Lubricants

Premium Partner

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen. 

    Zur Marktübersicht
    Bildnachweise