1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Site Location and Data
Station | AI | Geographical characteristics | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | No. | Elevation (m) | Latitude | Longitude | |
Bandarabbas | 1 | 0.10 | 10 | 27°13′ | 56°22′ |
Bushehr | 2 | 0.14 | 20 | 28°59′ | 50°50′ |
Ahvaz | 3 | 0.11 | 22 | 31°20′ | 48°40′ |
Sabzevar | 4 | 0.10 | 978 | 36°12′ | 57°43′ |
Kashan | 5 | 0.12 | 982 | 33°59′ | 51°27′ |
Mashhad | 6 | 0.18 | 999 | 36°16′ | 59°38′ |
Semnan | 7 | 0.10 | 1,131 | 35°35′ | 53°33′ |
Shiraz | 8 | 0.18 | 1,484 | 29°32′ | 52°36′ |
Birjand | 9 | 0.09 | 1,491 | 32°52′ | 59°12′ |
Esfahan | 10 | 0.08 | 1,550 | 32°37′ | 51°40′ |
Kerman | 11 | 0.07 | 1,754 | 30°15′ | 56°58′ |
2.2 Penman-Monteith FAO 56 (PMF-56)
2.3 Statistical Tests
2.3.1 The MK Test
2.3.2 The SR Test
2.4 Thiel-Sen Approach
2.5 TFPW Approach
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Monthly Analysis
Stations/Month | Test | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bandarabbas | MK | −1.00 | 0.56 | −1.16 | 0.49 | −0.03 | 1.15 | 0.38 | −0.28 | −0.98 | −0.34 | −0.46 | −0.93 |
SR | −1.19 | 0.66 | −1.23 | 0.39 | −0.08 | 1.08 | 0.38 | −0.19 | −1.08 | −0.49 | −0.39 | −0.83 | |
Bushehr | MK | −2.18a
| −0.34 | −2.18a
| −0.10 | 0.49 | 0.06 | −1.89 | −0.71 | −0.72 | −2.09a
| −1.52 | −3.68a
|
SR | −2.24a
| −0.41 | −2.56a
| −0.21 | 0.58 | 0.15 | −1.87 | −0.83 | −0.69 | −2.23a
| −1.45 | −4.27a
| |
Ahvaz | MK | 0.09 | 2.51a
| −0.82 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.66 | 1.85 | 1.64 | 0.01 | −1.14 | 1.14 | −0.16 |
SR | 0.13 | 2.59a
| −0.98 | −0.05 | −0.04 | 0.36 | 1.97 | 1.63 | 0.05 | −1.29 | 1.01 | −0.37 | |
Sabzevar | MK | 0.84 | 1.25 | −0.12 | 0.16 | 0.49 | 0.87 | −0.08 | 0.04 | 1.88 | 1.07 | −0.65 | −0.76 |
SR | 0.49 | 1.03 | −0.43 | 0.17 | 0.49 | 0.55 | −0.10 | −0.12 | 1.57 | 0.71 | −0.81 | −0.80 | |
Kashan | MK | 0.15 | 0.72 | −0.52 | −0.69 | 0.37 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 1.71 | 1.18 | 2.06a
| −0.67 |
SR | 0.26 | 0.73 | −0.48 | −0.67 | 0.37 | 0.04 | −0.19 | −0.15 | 1.52 | 1.04 | 2.10a
| −0.80 | |
Mashhad | MK | 2.08a
| 1.89 | 1.17 | 1.11 | 0.88 | 1.73 | 3.38a
| 1.79 | 1.82 | 2.08a
| 2.15a
| 1.82 |
SR | 1.98 | 1.73 | 1.01 | 1.14 | 0.81 | 1.64 | 2.56a
| 2.00 | 1.84 | 2.03a
| 2.12a
| 1.72 | |
Semnan | MK | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.71 | 1.05 | 1.63 | 1.75 | 1.66 | 0.64 | 0.01 | 0.51 | 1.47 |
SR | 0.43 | 0.53 | 0.43 | 0.59 | 0.99 | 1.49 | 1.62 | 1.72 | 0.51 | 0.10 | 0.55 | 1.39 | |
Shiraz | MK | 0.29 | 0.67 | −0.75 | 1.01 | 0.90 | −0.71 | 0.94 | −1.39 | −2.02a
| −2.11a
| −1.51 | −1.64 |
SR | 0.36 | 0.83 | −0.79 | 0.98 | 0.82 | −0.78 | −1.12 | −1.51 | −2.08a
| −2.37a
| −1.56 | −1.74 | |
Birjand | MK | −2.26a
| 0.72 | −2.34a
| −1.65 | −2.38a
| −1.80 | −1.60 | −2.45a
| −2.84a
| −4.37a
| −2.74a
| −2.36a
|
SR | −2.17a
| 0.68 | −2.48a
| −1.75 | −2.64a
| −1.95 | −1.63 | −2.40a
| −3.18a
| −5.73a
| −2.92a
| −2.65a
| |
Esfahan | MK | −0.18 | 1.11 | −1.81 | −1.07 | −1.71 | −4.72a
| −4.36a
| −4.81a
| −2.74a
| −2.03a
| −1.62 | −2.92a
|
SR | −0.33 | 1.32 | −1.89 | −1.08 | −1.59 | −5.52a
| −5.56a
| −6.28a
| −2.87a
| −1.96 | −1.68 | −3.19a
| |
Kerman | MK | 0.48 | 1.89 | −0.40 | −0.75 | −1.64 | −2.03a
| −2.30a
| −2.80a
| −3.20a
| −2.69a
| −1.12 | −1.93 |
SR | 0.49 | 1.85 | −0.47 | −1.01 | −1.53 | −2.07a
| −2.43a
| −2.91a
| −3.58a
| −3.01a
| −1.15 | −1.86 |
3.2 Annual and Seasonal Analysis
Stations/Month | Test | Winter | Spring | Summer | Autumn | Annual |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bandarabbas | MK | −0.91 | 0.78 | 0.07 | −0.72 | −0.24 |
SR | −1.13 | 0.71 | 0.01 | −0.84 | −0.33 | |
Bushehr | MK | −2.17a
| 0.54 | −1.81 | −3.27a
| −2.63a
|
SR | −2.43a
| 0.55 | −1.85 | −3.72a
| −2.81a
| |
Ahvaz | MK | 0.36 | 0.75 | 1.81 | 0.21 | 1.70 |
SR | 0.23 | 0.52 | 1.95 | 0.07 | 1.78 | |
Sabzevar | MK | 0.57 | 1.00 | 1.44 | 0.69 | 2.08a
|
SR | 0.23 | 0.77 | 1.24 | 0.55 | 1.98 | |
Kashan | MK | −0.22 | −0.09 | 0.30 | 0.69 | 0.08 |
SR | −0.34 | −0.14 | 0.10 | 0.63 | −0.16 | |
Mashhad | MK | 1.91 | 1.80 | 2.27a
| 2.17a
| 2.44a
|
SR | 1.67 | 1.58 | 2.39a
| 2.30a
| 2.27a
| |
Semnan | MK | 1.02 | 1.37 | 1.57 | 0.02 | 1.45 |
SR | 0.89 | 1.22 | 1.35 | 0.11 | 1.24 | |
Shiraz | MK | −0.28 | 0.12 | −1.76 | −2.45a
| −1.18 |
SR | −0.23 | 0.20 | −1.95 | −2.48a
| −1.15 | |
Birjand | MK | −1.83 | −2.21a
| −3.02a
| −3.90a
| −3.09a
|
SR | −1.76 | −2.24a
| −3.20a
| −4.64a
| −3.39a
| |
Esfahan | MK | −1.16 | −2.50a
| −4.98a
| −2.89a
| −3.72a
|
SR | −1.18 | −2.76a
| −6.58a
| −3.11a
| −4.35a
| |
Kerman | MK | −0.08 | −1.71 | −3.02a
| −2.38a
| −1.90 |
SR | −0.05 | −1.73 | −3.29a
| −2.46a
| −1.95 |