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Anthropogenic Influences on Annual Flux of Cations and Anions at Meio Stream Basin, São Paulo State, Brazil

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Abstract

The chemical dynamics at Meio Stream Basin, São Paulo State, Brazil were evaluated using major elements as natural tracers. The surface water samples from Meio Stream were collected near the mouth of Meio Stream at the confluence with the Mogi-Guaçu River on February 25, 2005, April 20, 2005, and July 8, 2005. Rainwater samples were collected (using a “bulk” collector) for 1 year at one sampling point located about 4 km from downtown Leme city and other possible sources of contamination. The analyses were performed by pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total solids, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, alkalinity, chloride, sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium. This basin has serious environmental problems in terms of rainwater and surface water quality, which result in the negative annual flux of cations and anions at Meio Stream Basin, with the exception of chlorine. The Meio Stream, downstream from Leme city, receives several elements/compounds through anthropogenic activities, mainly related to the discharge of domestic effluents. Anthropogenic inputs (mining, fossil fuel burning, and agricultural activities) are responsible for the higher concentrations of cations and anions in the rainwater from this basin.

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Acknowledgements

This investigation was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo—FAPESP—Brazil (Process No. 2005/59203-1). Dr. J. T. Trevors and two anonymous referees are thanked for the comments that helped to improve the manuscript. The authors thank Dr. André Henrique Rosa and Dr. Osmar Sinelli for their general help during the development of this investigation. Faculdades COC (Ribeirão Preto) are also thanked for the institutional and operational support on this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, UNESP, Av. Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, CEP 18087-180, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil

    F. T. Conceição & G. R. B. Navarro

  2. Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences (IGCE), UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515, C. P. 178, Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil

    D. S. Sardinha

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculdades COC, Rua Abrahão Issa Halack, 320, Ribeirânia, CEP 14096-160, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    A. D. G. Souza

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  1. F. T. Conceição
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  3. A. D. G. Souza
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Correspondence to F. T. Conceição.

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Conceição, F.T., Sardinha, D.S., Souza, A.D.G. et al. Anthropogenic Influences on Annual Flux of Cations and Anions at Meio Stream Basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Water Air Soil Pollut 205, 79–91 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0057-1

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