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A Review and Evaluation of the Impacts of Climate Change on Geogenic Arsenic in Groundwater from Fractured Bedrock Aquifers

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Abstract

Climate change is expected to affect the groundwater quality by altering recharge, water table elevation, groundwater flow, and land use. In fractured bedrock aquifers, the quality of groundwater is a sensitive issue, particularly in areas affected by geogenic arsenic contamination. Understanding how climate change will affect the geochemistry of naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater is crucial to ensure sustainable use of this resource, particularly as a source of drinking water. This paper presents a review of the potential impacts of climate change on arsenic concentration in bedrock aquifers and identifies issues that remain unresolved. During intense and prolonged low flow, the decline in the water table is expected to increase the oxidation of arsenic-bearing sulfides in the unsaturated zone. In addition, reduced groundwater flow may increase the occurrence of geochemically evolved arsenic-rich groundwater and enhance arsenic mobilization by reductive dissolution and alkali desorption. In contrast, the occurrence of extreme recharge events is expected to further decrease arsenic concentrations because of the greater dilution by oxygenated, low-pH water. In some cases, arsenic mobilization could be indirectly induced by climate change through changes in land use, particularly those causing increased groundwater withdrawals and pollution. The overall impact of climate change on dissolved arsenic will vary greatly according to the bedrock aquifer properties that influence the sensitivity of the groundwater system to climate change. To date, the scarcity of data related to the temporal variability of arsenic in fractured bedrock groundwater is a major obstacle in evaluating the future evolution of the resource quality.

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Acknowledgments

This project was funded by the Quebec Ministry of the Environment (Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques) through the Groundwater Knowledge Acquisition Program (PACES) with significant contributions from regional partners involved in the PACES, including the Regional County Municipalities (Abitibi, Vallée-de-l’Or, Abitibi-Ouest, Ville de Rouyn-Noranda, Témiscamingue) and the Regional Conference of Elected Officials of Abitibi-Temiscamingue. The authors acknowledge the Foundation of the University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue (FUQAT) and the Canadian Institute of Mining (Amos section) for scholarships and support to the project of Raphaël Bondu, respectively. Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which contributed to improve this article.

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  1. Groundwater Research Group, Institut de Recherche en Mines et en Environnement, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 341 rue Principale Nord, Amos, J9T 2L8, Canada

    Raphaël Bondu, Vincent Cloutier & Eric Rosa

  2. Institut de Recherche en Mines et en Environnement, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 475 boulevard de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, J9X 5E4, Canada

    Mostafa Benzaazoua

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  1. Raphaël Bondu
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Correspondence to Raphaël Bondu.

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Bondu, R., Cloutier, V., Rosa, E. et al. A Review and Evaluation of the Impacts of Climate Change on Geogenic Arsenic in Groundwater from Fractured Bedrock Aquifers. Water Air Soil Pollut 227, 296 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2936-6

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