Abstract
The success of biosurfactant production depends on the development of cheaper processes based on the use of low cost raw materials, which account for 10–30% of the overall process cost. In Brazil, the cashew apple agroindustry plays an outstanding role in the local economy. However, only a small part of the pseudofruit produced is used industrially and the amount wasted (about 94%) presents high potential as fermentation media, since it is rich in carbohydrate, fibers, vitamins and minerals salts. In this work, the performance of cashew apple juice (CAJ) as a complex medium for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus growth and production of biosurfactant was investigated. The microorganism was able to grow and to produce biosurfactant on a defined culture medium and on CAJ, reducing the surface tension of both media. The biosurfactant also achieved a maximum emulsion index of 80% for kerosene, when defined medium was used.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamczak M, Bednarski W (2000) Influence of medium composition and aeration on the synthesis of biosurfactants produced by Candida Antarctica. Biotechnol Lett 22:313–316
Akinwale TO (2000) Cashew apple juice: its use in fortifying the nutritional quality of some tropical fruits. Eur Food Res Technol 211:205–207
Assunção RB, Mercadante AZ (2003) Carotenoids and ascorbic acid composition from commercial products of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.). J Food Composition Anal 16:647–657
Azevedo DCS, Rodrigues A (2000) SMB chromatography applied to the separation/purification of fructose from cashew apple juice. Brazilian J Chem Eng 17:507–516
Bach H. Berdichevsky Y, Gutnick D (2003) An exocellular protein from the oil-degrading microbe Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1 enhances the emulsifying activity of the polymeric bioemulsifier emulsan. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:2608–2614
Campos DCP, Santos AS, Wolkoff DB, Matta VM, Cabral LMC, Couri S (2002) Cashew apple juice stabilization by microfiltration. Desalination 148:61–65
Choi JW, Choi HG, Lee WH (1996) Effects of ethanol and phosphate on emulsan production by Acinetobacter RAG-1. J Biotechnol 45:217–225
Cooper DG, Goldenberg BG (1987) Surface-active agents from 2 Bacillus species. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:224–229
Desai JD, Banat IM (1997) Microbial production of surfactants and their commercial potential. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 61:47–64
Ezeronye OU (2004) Nutrient utilization profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from palmwine in tropical fruit fermentation. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 86:235–240
Ferraz C, De Araujo AA, Pastore GM (2002) The influence of vegetable oils on biosurfactant production by Serratia marcescens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 98:841–847
Fox SL, Bala GA, (2000) Production of surfactant from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 using potato substrate. Bioresour Technol 75:235–240
Ilori MO, Amobi CJ, Odocha AC (2005) Factor affecting biosurfactant production by oil degrading Aeromonas spp. isolated from a tropical environment. Chemosphere 61:985–992
Lima Lobato AKC, Macedo GR, Magalhães MMA, Bezerra MS (2002) Estudo cinético da produção de biossurfactante. In Proceedings of XIV Congresso Brasileira de Engenharia Química (In Portuguese)
Lin SC, Lin KG, Lo CC, Lin YM (1998) Enhanced biosurfactant production by a Bacillus licheniformis mutant. Enzyme Microbial Technol 23:267–273
Morton JF, Dowling CF (1987) Fruits of warm climates, Creative Resources Systems, pp 239–240, ISBN: 0961018410
Nitschke M, Costa SGVAO, Hadad R, Gonçalves LA, Eberlin MN, Contiero J (2005) Oil wastes as unconventional substrates for rhamnolipd biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeoginosa LBI. Biotechnol Progr 21:1562–1566
Nitschke M Ferraz C, Pastore GM (2004) Selection of microorganisms for biosurfactant production using agroindustrial wastes. Brazilian J Microbiol 35:81–85
Nitschke M, Pastore GM, (2002) Biossurfactantes: Propriedades e aplicações. Química Nova 25:772–776
Oliveira MEB, Oliveira GSF, Maia GA, Moreira RA, Monteiro ACO (2002) Aminoácidos livres majoritários no suco de caju: variação ao longo da safra. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 24:133–137
Osho A (1995) Evaluation of cashew apple juice for single cell proteins and wine production. Nahrung-Food 39:521–529
Panilaitis B, Johri A, Blank W, Kaplan D, Fuhrman J, (2002) Adjuvant activity of emulsan, a secreted lipolysaccharide from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Clin Diagnostic Lab Immunol 9:1240–1247
Patil JR, Chopade BA (2001) Studies on biomulsifier production by Acinetobacter strains isolated from healthy human skin. J Appl Microbiol 91:290–298
Rosenberg E, Ron EZ (1997) Bioemulsans: microbial polymeric emulsifiers. Curr Opin Biotechnol 8:313–316
Santa Anna LM, Sebastian GV, Pereira N Jr., Alves TLM, Menezes EP, Freire DMG (2001) Production of biosurfactant from a new promisins strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 91–93:459–467
Shabtai Y (1990) Production of exopolysaccharides by Acinetobacter strains in a controlled fed-batch fermentation process using soap stock oil (SSO) as carbon source. Int J Biol Macromol 12:145–152
Souza PA, Simões AN, Menezes JB, Andrade JC, Freitas DF, Mendonça FVS (2002) Caracterização Química de Pedúnculos de Caju ȁ8CCP-76ȁ9 em Diferentes Estádios de Desenvolvimento. Proceedings of the XVII Congresso Brasileiro de Fruticultura (In Portuguese)
Wei YH, Chou CL, Chang JS (2005) Rhamnolipid production by indigenous Pseudomonas aeroginosa J4 originated from petrochemical wastewater. Biochem Eng J 27:146–154
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank FINEP, CNPq, ANP (from Brazil), for the financial support that made this work possible. Dr. Flávio Tavares (ESALQ/USP) is gratefully recognized by donation of microorganism.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rocha, M.P., Oliveira, A.S., Souza, M.M. et al. Natural cashew apple juice as fermentation medium for biosurfactant production by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus . World J Microbiol Biotechnol 22, 1295–1299 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-006-9175-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-006-9175-8