Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Exopolysaccharide: a novel important factor in the microbial dissolution of tricalcium phosphate

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Four strains (Enterobacter sp. EnHy-401, Arthrobacter sp.ArHy-505, Azotobacter sp.AzHy-510 and Enterobacter sp.EnHy-402) which have the ability to solubilize tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were used to study the mechanism of P-solubilization. It was found that three phosphate solubilizing bacteria (EnHy-401, ArHy-505 and AzHy-510) producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) have a stronger ability for P-solubilization than isolate EnHy-402 without EPS production, of those, the strain EnHy-401 with the highest EPS production and efficient organic acids on P-solubilization had a stronger capacity for P-solubilization than the others. Further studies demonstrated that addition of EPS into medium could increase the amount of phosphorus solubilized by organic acid, but failed to release phosphorus from TCP alone. The synergistic effects of EPS and organic acid on TCP solubilization varied with the origin and the concentration of EPS in medium. EPS produced by EnHy-401 was most effective in promoting phosphorus release at an optimal concentration in medium. The increase of P-solubilization brought by EPS attributed to the participation of EPS led to the change in homeostasis of P-solubilization, pushing it towards P dissolved by holding free phosphorus in the medium, consequently resulting in greater phosphorus released from insoluble phosphate. We therefore suggest that EPS with ability of phosphorus-holding may be a novel important factor in the microbial dissolution of TCP except for organic acid.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

P:

Phosphate

TCP:

Tricalcium phosphate

EPS:

Exopolysaccharide

PSB:

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria

PSM:

Phosphate solubilizing microorganism

NBRIP:

National Botanical Research Institute’s phosphate growth medium

References

  • Asea PEA, Kucey RM, Stewart JWB (1988) Inorganic phosphate solubilization by two Penicillium species in solution culture and soil. Soil Biol Biochem 20:459–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bnayahu BY (1991) Root excretions and their environmental effects: influence on availability of phosphorus. In: Waisel Y, Eshel A, Kafkafi U (eds) Plant roots: the hidden half. Marcel Decker, New York pp 529–557

  • Benedetti LM, Topp E, Stella VJ (1989) A novel drug delivery system: microspheres of hyaluronic acid derivatives. In: Sutherland IW (ed) Biomedical and biotechnological advances in industrial polysaccharides. Gordon and Breach, New York, NY, pp 27–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen YP, Rekha PD, Arun AB, Shen FT, Lai WA, Young CC (2006) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Appl Soil Ecol 34:33–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duff RB, Webley DM (1959) 2-Ketogluconic acid as a natural chelator produced by soil bacteria. Chem Ind 1376–1377

  • Goldstein AH (1994) Involvement of the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in the solubilization of exogenous phosphates by gram-negative bacteria. In: Torriani-Gorini A, Yagil E, Silver S (eds) Phosphate in microorganisms: cellular and molecular biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 197–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein AH (1995) Recent progress in understanding the molecular genetics and biochemistry of calcium phosphate solubilization by Gram negative bacteria. Biol Agric Hort 12:185–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Gong LD, Xu QQ (1990) GB/T 12456-90 Method for determination of total acid in foods (S). Chinese Standard Press, Beijing, P.R. China

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutnick D (1997) Engineering polysaccharides for biosorption of heavy at oil/water interfaces. Res Microbiol 148:519–521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halder AK, Mishra AK, Bhattacharyya P, Chakrabartty PK (1990) Solubilization of rock phosphate by Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium. J Gen Appl Microbiol 36:81–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PHA, Staley JT, Williams ST (eds) (1994) Genus pseudomonas. In: Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 9th edn. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore pp 93–94

  • Hopkins CG, Whiting AL (1916) Soil bacteria and phosphates. III. Agric Exp Stn Bull 190:395–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Illmer P, Schinner F (1992) Solubilisation of inorganic phosphates by microorganisms isolated from forest soils. Soil Biol Biochem 24:389–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Illmer P, Schinner F (1995) Solubilization of inorganic calcium phosphates solubilization mechanisms. Soil Biol Biochem 27:257–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isberword KF (1998) Fertilizer use and environment. In: Ahmed et al (eds) Proceedings of Symposium: plant nutrition management for sustainable agricultural growth. Pakistan, pp 57–76

  • Kim KY, Jordan D, Krishnan HB (1997a) Rahnella aqualitis, a bacterium isolated from soybean rhizosphere, can solubilize hydroxyapatite. FEMS Microbiol Lett 153:273–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim KY, McDonald GA, Jordan D (1997b) Solubilization of hydroxypatite by Enterobacter agglomerans and cloned Escherichia coli in culture medium. Biol Fertil Soils 24:347–352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kpomblekou K, Tabatabai MA (1994) Effect of organic acids on release of phosphorus from phosphate rocks. Soil Sci 158:442–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin QM, Wang H, Zhao XR, Zhao ZJ (2001) Capacity of some bacteria and fungi in dissolving phosphate rock(in Chinese). Microbiology 28(2):26–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu RK, Jiang BF, Xiong Y (1990) Soils of China (in Chinese), Second edition. Science Press, Beijing, P.R. China, pp 483–510

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgante C, Castro S, Fabra A (2007) Role of rhizobial EPS in the evasion of peanut defense response during the crack-entry infection process. Soil Biol Biochem 39:1222–1225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy J, Riley JP (1962) A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal Chim Acta 27:31–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nautiyal CS (1999) An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 170:265–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul NB, Sundama Rao WVB (1971) Phosphate dissolving bacteria in the rhizosphere of some cultivate legumes [J]. Plant Soil 35:127–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raghothama KG (2000) Phosphorus acquisition: plant in the driver’s seat. Trends Plant Sci 5(10):412–413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shao ZC, Zhao MZ (2002) Activation kinetics of accumulative phosphorus in soils II. The effects of zeoli. Chinese J Soil Sci (in Chinese) 33:121–123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sperberg JI (1958) The incidence of apatite-solubilizing organisms in the rhizosphere and soil. Aust J Agric Res 9:778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson FJ (1967) Organic acids in soil. In: McLaren AD, Peterson GH (eds) Soil biochemistry. Marcel Decker, New York, pp 130–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson FJ (1986) Cycles of soil, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, micronutrients. John Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundara B, Natarajan V, Hari K (2002) Influence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the changes in soil available phosphorus and sugarcane and sugar yields. Field Crops Res 77:43–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland IW (1996) Products of primary metabolism. In: Reed G (ed) Biotechnology. Wiley–VCH, Weinheim, Germany, pp 613–657

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wang QR, Li JY, Li ZS (1998) Dynamics and prospect on study of high acquisition of soil unavailable phosphorus by plants. Plant Nutr Fertil Sci (in Chinese) 4(2):107–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitelaw MA, Harden TJ, Bender GL (1997) Plant growth promotion of wheat inoculated with Penicillium radicum sp. nov. Aust J Soil Res 35:291–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson KH, Blitchington RB, Greene RC (1990) Amplification of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA with polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 28:1942–1946

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woese CR, Fox GE, Zablen L et al (1975) Conservation of primary structure in 16S ribosomal RNA. Nature 254:83–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YS, Lin XY, Luo AC (1998a) Studies on activation of phosphorus by organic manure in soils and its mechanisms, I. Organic acids from decomposition of organic manure (matter) and their effect on activation to different artificial phosphate. Plant Nutr Fertil Sci (in Chinese) 4(2):151–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YS, Lin XY, Luo AC, Su L (1998b) Effect of organic manure (matter) on activation to different phosphate in soils. Plant Nutr Fertil Sci (in Chinese) 4(2):145–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao XR, Lin QM, Li BG (2002) The solubilization of four insoluble phosphates by some microorganisms (in Chinese). Acta Microbiol Sin 42:236–241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mr. Liu Zilie (Nanjing Normal University, China) to help HPLC analysis of the organic acid in this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China

    Yanmei Yi & Weiyi Huang

  2. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China

    Ying Ge

Authors
  1. Yanmei Yi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Weiyi Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ying Ge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weiyi Huang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yi, Y., Huang, W. & Ge, Y. Exopolysaccharide: a novel important factor in the microbial dissolution of tricalcium phosphate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24, 1059–1065 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9575-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9575-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation