Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Power-efficient routing schemes for MANETs: a survey and open issues

  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ubiquitous smart devices with embedded sensors are paving the way for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that enable users to communicate directly, thereby playing a key role in Smart City and Internet of Things applications. In such smart environments, people with smart devices (nodes) can freely self-organize and form self-configuring MANETs to send and forward data packets to a destination over multiple hops via intermediate nodes. However, the energy consumption during routing remains a challenge in such ensemble mobile environments due to the limited battery capacity of mobile devices. This challenging issue has received substantial research attention, necessitating an exhaustive literature search over the variety of academic fields addressing this topic. The main motivation of this paper is to review various power-efficient routing schemes in MANETs that have recently been proposed to reduce the energy consumed when transmitting and receiving packets during active communication. Accordingly, these protocols are classified into six categories: (1) link state-based, (2) source-initiated-based, (3) transmission power control-based, (4) load-balancing-based, (5) location-based and (6) multicast-based routing approaches. The review covers various state-of-the-art protocols for each category and highlights their operation concepts, design challenges and key features. In addition, the various protocols are compared with emphasis on the merits and drawbacks as well as the considered metrics of each scheme. Finally, we provide a conclusion and suggest potential directions for future research in the field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bansal, M., Rajput, R., & Gupta, G. (1999). Mobile ad hoc networking (MANET): Routing protocol performance issues and evaluation considerations (Internet-draft). In The internet society, 1999.

  2. Broch, J., Maltz, D. A., Johnson, D. B., Hu, Y. C., & Jetcheva, J. (1998). A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols. In Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking (pp. 85–97). ACM.

  3. Bellavista, P., Cardone, G., Corradi, A., & Foschini, L. (2013). Convergence of MANET and WSN in IoT urban scenarios. IEEE on Sensors Journal, 13(10), 3558–3567.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cardone, G., Bellavista, P., Corradi, A., & Foschini, L. (2011). Effective collaborative monitoring in smart cities: Converging MANET and WSN for fast data collection. In Proceedings of ITU of Kaleidoscope 2011: The Fully Networked Human?—Innovations for Future Networks and Services (K-2011), (pp. 1–8). IEEE.

  5. Yovanof, G. S., & Hazapis, G. N. (2009). An architectural framework and enabling wireless technologies for digital cities & intelligent urban environments. Wireless Personal Communications, 49(3), 445–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chlamtac, I., Conti, M., & Liu, J. J. N. (2003). Mobile ad hoc networking: Imperatives and challenges. Ad Hoc Networks, 1(1), 13–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gorantala, K. (2006). Routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc Networks (Master’s Thesis in Computing Science, June, 15).

  8. Conti, M., & Giordano, S. (2007). Multihop ad hoc networking: The theory. IEEE on Communications Magazine, 45(4), 78–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Singh, S., Woo, M., & Raghavendra, C. S. (1998). Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking (pp. 181–190). ACM.

  10. Chang, J.-H., & Tassiulas, L. (2000). Energy conserving routing in wireless ad-hoc networks. In Proceedings-IEEE INFOCOM, 2000 (Vol. 1, pp. 22–31).

  11. Li, Q., Aslam, J., & Rus, D. (2001). Online power-aware routing in wireless ad-hoc networks. In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, MOBICOM, 2001 (pp. 97–107).

  12. Safwat, A., Hassanein, H., & Mouftah, H. (2002). Energy-aware routing in MANETs: Analysis and enhancements. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems (pp. 46–53). ACM.

  13. Yu, C., Lee, B., & Yong Youn, H. (2003). Energy efficient routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 3(8), 959–973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Benslimane, A., El Khoury, R., El Azouzi, R., & Pierre, S. (2006). Energy power-aware routing in OLSR protocol. In Proceedings of the First on Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication International Conference, 2006. MCWC 2006 (pp. 14–19). IEEE.

  15. Joshi, R. D., & Rege, P. P. (2008). Distributed energy efficient routing in Ad hoc networks. In Fourth International Conference on Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, 2008. WCSN 2008 (pp. 16–21). IEEE.

  16. Kunz, T. (2008). Energy-efficient variations of OLSR. In Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2008. IWCMC’08 International (pp. 517–522). IEEE.

  17. Mahfoudh, S., & Minet, P. (2008). An energy efficient routing based on OLSR in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. In 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications-Workshops, 2008. AINAW 2008 (pp. 1253–1259). IEEE.

  18. Rishiwal, V., Yadav, M., Bajapai, S., & Verma, S. (2009). Power aware routing in ad hoc wireless networks. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 9(2), 101–109.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kunz, T., & Alhalimi, R. (2010). Energy-efficient proactive routing in MANET: Energy metrics accuracy. Ad Hoc Networks, 8(7), 755–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Guo, Z., Malakooti, S., Sheikh, S., Al-Najjar, C., Lehman, M., & Malakooti, B. (2011). Energy aware proactive optimized link state routing in mobile ad-hoc networks. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 35(10), 4715–4729.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Fatima, L., & Najib, E. (2012). Mobility support in OLSR routing protocol. In J. Lei, F. L. Wang, M. Li & Y. Luo (Eds.), Network computing and information security (Vol. 345, pp. 804–812). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Safa, H., Karam, M., & Moussa, B. (2014). PHAODV: Power aware heterogeneous routing protocol for MANETs. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 46, 60–71. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2014.07.035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cao, L., Dahlberg, T., & Wang, Y. (2007). Performance evaluation of energy efficient ad hoc routing protocols. In IEEE International on Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, 2007. IPCCC 2007 (pp. 306–313). IEEE.

  24. Vassileva, N., & Barcelo-Arroyo, F. (2008). A survey of routing protocols for maximizing the lifetime of ad hoc wireless networks. International Journal of Software Engineering and its Applications, 2(3), 77–90.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Royer, E. M., & Toh, C. K. (1999). A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks. IEEE on Personal Communications, 6(2), 46–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Frey, H. (2004). Scalable geographic routing algorithms for wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE on Network, 18(4), 18–22.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Olagbegi, B. S., & Meghanathan, N. (2010). A review of the energy efficient and secure multicast routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. arXiv preprint:arXiv:1006.3366.

  28. Prakash, S., Saini, J., & Gupta, S. (2010). A review of energy efficient routing protocols for mobile ad hoc wireless networks. International Journal of Computer Information Systems, 1(4), 36–46.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Tsao, S. L., & Huang, C. H. (2011). A survey of energy efficient MAC protocols for IEEE 802.11 WLAN. Computer Communications, 34(1), 54–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Sankar, K. (2012). Energy efficient routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks–A survey. ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology, 3(2), 542–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Boukerche, A., Turgut, B., Aydin, N., Ahmad, M. Z., Bölöni, L., & Turgut, D. (2011). Routing protocols in ad hoc networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 55(13), 3032–3080.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Maleki, M., Dantu, K., & Pedram, M. (2002). Power-aware source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 2002 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2002. ISLPED '02 (pp. 72–75). doi:10.1109/LPE.2002.146713.

  33. Zafar, H., Alhamahmy, N., Harle, D., & Andonovic, I. (2011). Survey of reactive and hybrid routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS), 3(3), 193–216.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Pantazis, N., Nikolidakis, S. A., & Vergados, D. D. (2013). Energy-efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE on Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 15(2), 551–591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ehsan, S., & Hamdaoui, B. (2012). A survey on energy-efficient routing techniques with QoS assurances for wireless multimedia sensor networks. IEEE on Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 14(2), 265–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Alotaibi, E., & Mukherjee, B. (2012). A survey on routing algorithms for wireless ad-hoc and mesh networks. Computer Networks, 56(2), 940–965. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2011.10.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Tekbiyik, N., & Uysal-Biyikoglu, E. (2011). Energy efficient wireless unicast routing alternatives for machine-to-machine networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 34(5), 1587–1614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Feng, D., Jiang, C., Lim, G., Cimini, L. J., Feng, G., & Li, G. Y. (2013). A survey of energy-efficient wireless communications. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 15(1), 167–178. doi:10.1109/SURV.2012.020212.00049.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Patel, A. M., & Patel, M. M. (2012). A survey of energy efficient routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 1(10), 1–6.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  40. Sarkar, S., & Majumder, K. (2014). A survey on power aware routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc network. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Frontiers of Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications (FICTA) 2013 (pp. 313–320). Springer.

  41. Clausen, T., Yi, J., & de Verdiere, A. C. (2012). Loadng: Towards AODV version 2. In 2012 IEEE on Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.

  42. Perkins, C. E., & Royer, E. M. (1999). Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing. In Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, 1999 Proceedings. WMCSA’99 (pp. 90–100). IEEE.

  43. Johnson, D. B. (2003). The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, draft-ietf-manet-dsr-09 (Internet-draft). In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) Working Group, IETF, 1998.

  44. Ogier, R., Templin, F., & Lewis, M. (2004). Topology dissemination based on reverse-path forwarding (TBRPF) (Internet-draft). In RFC Editor, 2004.

  45. Clausen, T., & Jacquet, P. (2003). Optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR) RFC3626-OLSR (Internet-draft). In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) Working Group, IETF, 2003.

  46. Friginal, J., De Andres, D., Ruiz, J.-C., & Gil, P. (2011). Towards benchmarking routing protocols in wireless mesh networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 9(8), 1374–1388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Liu, N., & Seah, W. K. (2011). Performance evaluation of routing metrics for community Wireless Mesh Networks. In 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP) (pp. 556–561). IEEE.

  48. Mahfoudh, S., & Minet, P. (2008). Survey of energy efficient strategies in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. In Seventh International Conference on Networking, 2008. ICN 2008 (pp. 1–7). IEEE.

  49. Giordano, S., Stojmenovic, I., & Blazevic, L. (2003). Position based routing algorithms for ad hoc networks: A taxonomy. Ad Hoc Wireless Networking, 8, 64.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Karayiannis, N. B., & Nadella, S. (2006). Power-conserving routing of ad hoc mobile wireless networks based on entropy-constrained algorithms. Ad Hoc Networks, 4(1), 24–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Zhu, J., Bensaou, B., & Naït-Abdesselam, F. (2008). Power control protocols for wireless ad hoc networks. In Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (pp. 315–352).

  52. Zhang, X., Kunz, T., Li, L., & Yang, O. (2010). An energy-efficient broadcast protocol in MANETs: Design and evaluation. In IEEE (pp. 199–206).

  53. Jacquet, P. (2003). Optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR) RFC3626-OLSR (Internet-draft). In MANET Working Group, IETF, 2003.

  54. Pei, G., Gerla, M., & Chen, T. W. (2000). Fisheye state routing: A routing scheme for ad hoc wireless networks. In 2000 IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2000. ICC 2000 (Vol. 1, pp. 70–74). IEEE.

  55. Pei, G., Gerla, M., Hong, X., & Chiang, C. C. (1999). A wireless hierarchical routing protocol with group mobility. In 1999 IEEE on Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 1999. WCNC (pp. 1538–1542). IEEE.

  56. Perkins, C. E., & Bhagwat, P. (1994). Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 24(4), 234–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Murthy, S., & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J. (1996). An efficient routing protocol for wireless networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 1(2), 183–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Ghanem, N., Boumerdassi, S., & Renault, É. (2005). New energy saving mechanisms for mobile ad-hoc networks using OLSR. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, and ubiquitous networks (pp. 273–274). ACM.

  59. De Rango, F., Fotino, M., & Marano, S. (2008)/EE-OLSR: Energy efficient OLSR routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks. In IEEE (pp. 1–7).

  60. Fatima, L., & Najib, E. (2012). Energy and mobility in OLSR routing protocol. Journal of Selected Areas in Telecommunications (JSAT), 2012(3), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Kots, A., & Kumar, M. (2014). The fuzzy based QMPR selection for OLSR routing protocol. Wireless Networks, 20(1), 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Joshi, R. D., & Rege, P. P. (2012). Implementation and analytical modelling of modified optimised link state routing protocol for network lifetime improvement. IET Communications, 6(10), 1270–1277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Mbarushimana, C., & Shahrabi, A. (2007). Comparative study of reactive and proactive routing protocols performance in mobile ad hoc networks. In 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, 2007, AINAW’07 (Vol. 2, pp. 679–684). IEEE.

  64. Broch, J., Johnson, D. B., & Maltz, D. A. (1998). The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, draft-ietf-manet-dsr-00 (Internet-Draft). In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) Working Group, IETF, 1998.

  65. Park, V., & Corson, S. (1998). Temporally-ordered routing algorithm (TORA) version 1 functional specification (Internet-draft). In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) Working Group, IETF.

  66. Kadri, B., Feham, M., & M’hamed, A. (2008). Weight based DSR for mobile ad hoc networks. In IEEE (pp. 1–6).

  67. Ren, P., Feng, J., Hu, P., & Cai, J. (2009). Energy saving ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing for mobile ad-hoc networks. In IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2009. ICC’09 (pp. 1–5). IEEE.

  68. Dhurandher, S. K., Misra, S., Obaidat, M. S., Bansal, V., Singh, P. R., & Punia, V. (2009). EEAODR: An energy-efficient ad hoc on-demand routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. International Journal of Communication Systems, 22(7), 789–817.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Tarique, M., & Tepe, K. E. (2009). Minimum energy hierarchical dynamic source routing for mobile ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 7(6), 1125–1135. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2008.10.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Tarique, M., & Tepe, K. E. (2007). New hierarchical approach to reactive routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks with cross-layer design. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 2(1), 12–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Tie, T. H., Tan, C. E., & Lau, S. P. (2010). Alternate link maximum energy level ad hoc distance vector scheme for energy efficient ad hoc networks routing. In 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.

  72. Varaprasad, G., & Narayanagowda, S. H. (2013). Implementing a new power aware routing algorithm based on existing dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. IET Networks, 3(2), 137–142.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Shankar, S., Varaprasad, G., & Suresh, H. N. (2014). Importance of on-demand modified power aware dynamic source routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. IET on Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 8(7), 459–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Bhatt, U. R., Nema, N., & Upadhyay, R. (2014). Enhanced DSR: An efficient routing protocol for MANET. In 2014 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT) (pp. 215–219). IEEE.

  75. Safa, H., Karam, M., & Moussa, B. (2013). A novel power aware heterogeneous routing protocol for MANETs. In 2013 IEEE 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA) (pp. 175–182). IEEE.

  76. Li, L., Li, C., & Yuan, P. (2015). An energy level based routing protocol in ad hoc networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 81(3), 981–996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Krunz, M., Muqattash, A., & Lee, S. J. (2004). Transmission power control in wireless ad hoc networks: Challenges, solutions and open issues. IEEE on Network, 18(5), 8–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Doshi, S., & Brown, T. X. (2002). Minimum energy routing schemes for a wireless ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2002) (Vol. 2).

  79. Avudainayagam, A., Lou, W., & Fang, Y. (2003). DEAR: A device and energy aware routing protocol for heterogeneous ad hoc networks. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 63(2), 228–236.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  80. Yanez-Marquez, C., Lopez-Yanez, I., Camacho-Nieto, O., & Arguelles-Cruz, A. J. (2013). BDD-based algorithm for the minimum spanning tree in wireless ad-hoc network routing. IEEE on Latin America Transactions (Revista IEEE America Latina), 11(1), 600–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Bollig, B. (2012). On symbolic OBDD-based algorithms for the minimum spanning tree problem. Theoretical Computer Science, 447, 2–12.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  82. Gomez, J., Campbell, A. T., Naghshineh, M., & Bisdikian, C. (2003). PARO: Supporting dynamic power controlled routing in wireless ad hoc networks. Wireless Networks, 9(5), 443–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Lalitha, V., & Rajesh, R. S. (2014). AODV_RR: A maximum transmission range based ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing in MANET. Wireless Personal Communications, 78(1), 491–506. doi:10.1007/s11277-014-1763-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Katiravan, J., Sylvia, D., & Rao, D. S. (2015). Energy efficient link aware routing with power control in wireless ad hoc networks. The Scientific World Journal. doi:10.1155/2015/576754.

  85. Woo, K., Yu, C., Lee, D., Youn, H. Y., & Lee, B. (2001). Non-blocking, localized routing algorithm for balanced energy consumption in mobile ad hoc networks. In Ninth International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, 2001. Proceedings (pp. 117–124). IEEE.

  86. Toh, C. K. (2001). Maximum battery life routing to support ubiquitous mobile computing in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE on Communications Magazine, 39(6), 138–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Chettibi, S., & Benmohamed, M. (2009). A multipath energy-aware on demand source routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks. arXiv preprint:arXiv:0902.4572.

  88. Guodong, W., Gang, W., & Jun, Z. (2010). ELGR: An energy-efficiency and load-balanced geographic routing algorithm for lossy mobile ad hoc networks. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 23(3), 334–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Yi, J., Adnane, A., David, S., & Parrein, B. (2011). Multipath optimized link state routing for mobile ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 9(1), 28–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Huang, M., Liang, Q., & Xi, J. (2012). A parallel disjointed multi-path routing algorithm based on OLSR and energy in ad hoc networks. Journal of Networks, 7(4), 613–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Yi, J., Cizeron, E., Hamma, S., & Parrein, B. (2008). Simulation and performance analysis of MP-OLSR for mobile ad hoc networks. In IEEE on Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2008. WCNC 2008 (pp. 2235–2240). IEEE.

  92. Anuradha, M., & Anandha Mala, G. S. (2014). Multi-objective cross-layer based multipath routing protocol in MANET. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 68(3), 531–540.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Balachandra, M., Prema, K., & Makkithaya, K. (2014). Multiconstrained and multipath QoS aware routing protocol for MANETs. Wireless Networks, 20(8), 2395–2408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Alghamdi, S. A. (2015). Load balancing maximal minimal nodal residual energy ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol (LBMMRE-AOMDV). Wireless Networks. doi:10.1007/s11276-015-1029-6.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Ko, Y. B., & Vaidya, N. H. (2000). Location-Aided Routing (LAR) in mobile ad hoc networks. Wireless Networks, 6(4), 307–321.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  96. Karp, B., & Kung, H. T. (2000). GPSR: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (pp. 243–254). ACM.

  97. Wang, Y., Song, W. Z., Wang, W., Li, X. Y., & Dahlberg, T. A. (2006). LEARN: Localized energy aware restricted neighborhood routing for ad hoc networks. In 2006 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2006. SECON’06 (Vol. 2, pp. 508–517). IEEE.

  98. Mikki, M. A. (2009). Energy efficient location aided routing protocol for wireless MANETs. arXiv preprint:arXiv:0909.0093.

  99. Du, D., & Xiong, H. (2010). A location aided energy-efficient routing protocol for ad hoc networks. In 2010 19th annual wireless and optical communications conference (WOCC) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.

  100. Macone, D., Oddi, G., & Pietrabissa, A. (2013). MQ-Routing: Mobility-, GPS-and energy-aware routing protocol in MANETs for disaster relief scenarios. Ad Hoc Networks, 11(3), 861–878.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Zadin, A., & Fevens, T. (2014). Energy efficient stable routing using adjustable transmission ranges in mobile ad hoc networks. In Ad hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks (pp. 237–250). Springer.

  102. Basurra, S. S., De Vos, M., Padget, J., Ji, Y., Lewis, T., & Armour, S. (2015). Energy efficient zone based routing protocol for MANETs. Ad Hoc Networks, 25, 16–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Basurra, S. S., Vos, M. D., Padget, J., Lewis, T., & Armour, S. (2010). A zone-based routing protocol with parallel collision guidance broadcasting for MANET. In 2010 12th IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT) (pp. 1188–1191). IEEE.

  104. Yi, Y., Lee, S.-J., Su, W., & Gerla, M. (2003). On-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP) for ad hoc networks, draft-yi-manet-odmrp-00 (Internet-Draft). In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) Working Group, IETF, 2003.

  105. Royer, E. M. (2000). Multicast ad hoc on-demand distance vector (MAODV) routing, draft-ietf-manetmaodv-00. In IETF Internet Draft, 2000.

  106. Maleki, M., & Pedram, M. (2004). Lifetime-aware multicast routing in wireless ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

  107. Kao, J. C., & Marculescu, R. (2008). Predictive energy-efficient multicast for large-scale mobile ad hoc networks. In 5th IEEE on Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2008. CCNC 2008 (pp. 709–713). IEEE.

  108. Kamboj, P., & Sharma, A. (2010). Scalable energy efficient location aware multicast protocol for MANET (seelamp). arXiv preprint:arXiv:1005.4010.

  109. Varaprasad, G. (2013). High stable power aware multicast algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE on Sensors Journal, 13(5), 1442–1446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Lu, T., & Zhu, J. (2013). Genetic algorithm for energy-efficient QoS multicast routing. IEEE on Communications Letters, 17(1), 31–34.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  111. Subramaniam, K., & Tamilselvan, L. (2015). Predictive energy efficient and reliable multicast routing in MANET. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 9(9), 706–714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Nasab, A. S., Derhami, V., Khanli, L. M., & Bidoki, A. M. Z. (2012). Energy-aware multicast routing in MANET based on particle swarm optimization. Procedia Technology, 1, 434–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Gopinath, S., & Nagarajan, N. (2015). Energy based reliable multicast routing protocol for packet forwarding in MANET. Journal of Applied Research and Technology, 13(3), 374–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research is funded by the Ministry of Higher Education-MALAYSIA under the research Project LRGS/TD/2011/UKM/ICT/02/02 and ERGS/1/2013/ICT03/UKM/02/1.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Sana’a, Yemen

    Waheb A. Jabbar

  2. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mahamod Ismail & Rosdiadee Nordin

  3. InterNetWorks Research Laboratory, School of Computing, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), 06010, Sintok, Malaysia

    Suki Arif

Authors
  1. Waheb A. Jabbar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mahamod Ismail
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rosdiadee Nordin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Suki Arif
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Waheb A. Jabbar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jabbar, W.A., Ismail, M., Nordin, R. et al. Power-efficient routing schemes for MANETs: a survey and open issues. Wireless Netw 23, 1917–1952 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-016-1263-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-016-1263-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation