Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Wireless Personal Communications 1/2015

01.09.2015

Efficient Transmission of Encrypted Images with OFDM in the Presence of Carrier Frequency Offset

verfasst von: Ibrahim Eldokany, El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie, Said M. Elhalafawy, Mohamed A. Zein Eldin, Mai H. Shahieen, Naglaa F. Soliman, Mohsen A. M. El-Bendary, Mohammed Abd El-Naby, Faisal S. Al-kamali, Ibrahim F. Elashry, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie

Erschienen in: Wireless Personal Communications | Ausgabe 1/2015

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this paper, the impact of carrier frequency offset (CFO) and CFO compensation on the transmission of encrypted images with different orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) versions is studied. The investigated OFDM versions are the fast Fourier transform OFDM, the discrete cosine transform OFDM, and the discrete wavelet transform OFDM. A comparison between four encryption algorithms with images transmitted through different OFDM versions is presented. These algorithms are data encryption standard, advanced encryption standard, RC6, and chaotic Baker map. This comparison aims to select the most appropriate version of OFDM, and the most suitable image encryption algorithm for efficient image transmission. In the simulation experiments, the peak signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver is used as an evaluation metric for the decrypted image quality.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Tan P., & Beaulieu, N. C. (2006). A comparison of DCT-based OFDM and DFT-based OFDM in frequency offset and fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 54(11), 2113–2125.CrossRef Tan P., & Beaulieu, N. C. (2006). A comparison of DCT-based OFDM and DFT-based OFDM in frequency offset and fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 54(11), 2113–2125.CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrews, J. G., Ghosh, A. & Muhamed, R. (2007). Fundamentals of WiMAX understanding broadband wireless networking. In Prentice Hall communications engineering and emerging technologies series (pp. 113–145). Andrews, J. G., Ghosh, A. & Muhamed, R. (2007). Fundamentals of WiMAX understanding broadband wireless networking. In Prentice Hall communications engineering and emerging technologies series (pp. 113–145).
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Gao, F., Cui, T., Nallanathan, A., & Tellambura, C. (2008). Maximum likelihood based estimation of frequency and phase offset in DCT OFDM systems under non circular transmissions: Algorithms, analysis and comparisons. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 56(9), 1425–1429. Gao, F., Cui, T., Nallanathan, A., & Tellambura, C. (2008). Maximum likelihood based estimation of frequency and phase offset in DCT OFDM systems under non circular transmissions: Algorithms, analysis and comparisons. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 56(9), 1425–1429.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Merched, R. (2006). On OFDM and signal-carrier frequency-domain systems based on trigonometric transforms. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 13(8), 473–476.CrossRef Merched, R. (2006). On OFDM and signal-carrier frequency-domain systems based on trigonometric transforms. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 13(8), 473–476.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Tan, P., & Beaulieu, N. C. (2005). Precise bit error probability analysis of DCT OFDM in the presence of carrier frequency offset on AWGN channels. In Proceedings of the IEEE Globcom 2005 (pp. 1429–1434). Tan, P., & Beaulieu, N. C. (2005). Precise bit error probability analysis of DCT OFDM in the presence of carrier frequency offset on AWGN channels. In Proceedings of the IEEE Globcom 2005 (pp. 1429–1434).
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawrey, E. P. (2001). Adaptive techniques for multiuser OFDM. Ph.D. thesis, James Cook University. Lawrey, E. P. (2001). Adaptive techniques for multiuser OFDM. Ph.D. thesis, James Cook University.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawrey, E. (1997). The suitability of OFDM as a modulation technique for wireless telecommunications, with a CDMA comparison. Bachelor thesis, James Cook University. Lawrey, E. (1997). The suitability of OFDM as a modulation technique for wireless telecommunications, with a CDMA comparison. Bachelor thesis, James Cook University.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Dachselt, F., Kelber, K., & Schwarz, W. (1997). Chaotic coding and cryptoanalysis. Proceedings of IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems, Hong Kong, 9–12 June 1997 (pp. 1061–1064). Dachselt, F., Kelber, K., & Schwarz, W. (1997). Chaotic coding and cryptoanalysis. Proceedings of IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems, Hong Kong, 9–12 June 1997 (pp. 1061–1064).
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Asiml, M., & Jeotil, V. (2007). On image encryption: Comparison between AES and a novel chaotic encryption scheme. In IEEE–ICSCN 2007, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chennai, India, 22–24 February 2007 (pp. 65–69). Asiml, M., & Jeotil, V. (2007). On image encryption: Comparison between AES and a novel chaotic encryption scheme. In IEEE–ICSCN 2007, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chennai, India, 22–24 February 2007 (pp. 65–69).
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Schulze, H., & Luders, C. (2005). Theory and application of OFDM and CDMA wideband wireless communications (pp. 145–264). London: Wiley.CrossRef Schulze, H., & Luders, C. (2005). Theory and application of OFDM and CDMA wideband wireless communications (pp. 145–264). London: Wiley.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Dhahir, N., & Minn, H. (2005). A new multicarrier transceiver based on the discrete cosine transform. In Proceedings of the IEEE wireless communications and networking conference, 13–17 March 2005 (Vol. 1, pp. 45–50). Al-Dhahir, N., & Minn, H. (2005). A new multicarrier transceiver based on the discrete cosine transform. In Proceedings of the IEEE wireless communications and networking conference, 13–17 March 2005 (Vol. 1, pp. 45–50).
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Tan, P., & Beaulieu, N. C. (2005). An improved DCT-based OFDM data transmission scheme. In Proceedings of the IEEE 16th PIMRC’05. Tan, P., & Beaulieu, N. C. (2005). An improved DCT-based OFDM data transmission scheme. In Proceedings of the IEEE 16th PIMRC’05.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Harada, H., & Prasad, R. (2002). Simulation and software radio for mobile communications. London: House Universal Personal Communications Library. Harada, H., & Prasad, R. (2002). Simulation and software radio for mobile communications. London: House Universal Personal Communications Library.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdullah, K., & Hussain, Z. M. (2007). Performance of Fourier-based and wavelet-based OFDM for DVB-T systems. In Proceedings of the 2007 Australasian telecommunication networks and applications conference, Christchurch, New Zealand. Abdullah, K., & Hussain, Z. M. (2007). Performance of Fourier-based and wavelet-based OFDM for DVB-T systems. In Proceedings of the 2007 Australasian telecommunication networks and applications conference, Christchurch, New Zealand.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Vats, V. B., Garg, K. K., & Abad, A. (2008). Performance analysis of DFT-OFDM, DCT-OFDM, and DWT-OFDM systems in AWGN. In Proceedings of the IEEE fourth international conference on wireless and mobile communications. Vats, V. B., Garg, K. K., & Abad, A. (2008). Performance analysis of DFT-OFDM, DCT-OFDM, and DWT-OFDM systems in AWGN. In Proceedings of the IEEE fourth international conference on wireless and mobile communications.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, D., & Letaief, K. B. (2005). An interference-cancellation scheme for carrier frequency offsets correction in OFDMA systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 53(7), 1155–1165.CrossRef Huang, D., & Letaief, K. B. (2005). An interference-cancellation scheme for carrier frequency offsets correction in OFDMA systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 53(7), 1155–1165.CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Coppersmith, D. (1994). The data encryption standard (DES) and its strength against attacks. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 38(3), 243–250. Coppersmith, D. (1994). The data encryption standard (DES) and its strength against attacks. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 38(3), 243–250.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Nechvatal, J. (2000). Report on the development of the advanced encryption standard (AES). National Institute of Standards and Technology. Nechvatal, J. (2000). Report on the development of the advanced encryption standard (AES). National Institute of Standards and Technology.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, G. H., Kim, J. N., & Cho, G. Y. (2009). An improved RC6 algorithm with the same structure of encryption and decryption. In ICACT. Kim, G. H., Kim, J. N., & Cho, G. Y. (2009). An improved RC6 algorithm with the same structure of encryption and decryption. In ICACT.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Daemen, J., & Rijmen, V. (2000). The block cipher Rijndael, smart card research and applications, LNCS 1820 (pp. 288–296). Berlin: Springer. Daemen, J., & Rijmen, V. (2000). The block cipher Rijndael, smart card research and applications, LNCS 1820 (pp. 288–296). Berlin: Springer.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 197. Advanced Encryption Standard, November 2001. Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 197. Advanced Encryption Standard, November 2001.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Daemen, J., & Rijmen, V. (1999). The Rijndael block cipher. AES Proposal: Rijndael, Document version 2. Daemen, J., & Rijmen, V. (1999). The Rijndael block cipher. AES Proposal: Rijndael, Document version 2.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Buchholz, J. J. (2001). Matlab implementation of the advanced encryption standard. Buchholz, J. J. (2001). Matlab implementation of the advanced encryption standard.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Fishawy, N., & Abu Zaid, O. M. (2007). Quality of encryption measurement of bitmap images with RC6, MRC6, and Rijndael block cipher algorithms. International Journal of Network Security, 5(3), 241–251. El-Fishawy, N., & Abu Zaid, O. M. (2007). Quality of encryption measurement of bitmap images with RC6, MRC6, and Rijndael block cipher algorithms. International Journal of Network Security, 5(3), 241–251.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Stinson, D. (2002). Cryptography: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, USA: Chapman and Hall CRC. Stinson, D. (2002). Cryptography: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, USA: Chapman and Hall CRC.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, S., Zheng, X., Mou, X., & Cai, Y. (2002). Chaotic encryption scheme for real-time digital video. In Proceedings of SPIE (Vol. 4666, pp. 149–160). Li, S., Zheng, X., Mou, X., & Cai, Y. (2002). Chaotic encryption scheme for real-time digital video. In Proceedings of SPIE (Vol. 4666, pp. 149–160).
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, S., Mou, X., & Cai, Y. (2001). Improving security of a chaotic encryption approach. Physics Letters A, 290(3–4), 127–133.MathSciNetCrossRef Li, S., Mou, X., & Cai, Y. (2001). Improving security of a chaotic encryption approach. Physics Letters A, 290(3–4), 127–133.MathSciNetCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Han, F., Yu, X., & Han, S. (2006). Improved baker map for image encryption. In The 1st international symposium on systems and control in aerospace and astronautics (ISSCAA), 19–21 January 2006 (pp. 1273–1276). Han, F., Yu, X., & Han, S. (2006). Improved baker map for image encryption. In The 1st international symposium on systems and control in aerospace and astronautics (ISSCAA), 19–21 January 2006 (pp. 1273–1276).
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Lian, S., Sun, J., & Wang, Z. (2005). Security analysis of a chaos-based image encryption algorithm. Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics, 351(2–4), 645–661.CrossRef Lian, S., Sun, J., & Wang, Z. (2005). Security analysis of a chaos-based image encryption algorithm. Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics, 351(2–4), 645–661.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Pareek, N. K., Patidar, V., & Sud, K. K. (2005). Cryptography using multiple one-dimensional chaotic maps. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 10(7), 715–723.MathSciNetCrossRef Pareek, N. K., Patidar, V., & Sud, K. K. (2005). Cryptography using multiple one-dimensional chaotic maps. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 10(7), 715–723.MathSciNetCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, G., Zheng, X., & Li, S. (2004). Chaos-based encryption for digital images and videos. Multimedia Security Handbook. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. Chen, G., Zheng, X., & Li, S. (2004). Chaos-based encryption for digital images and videos. Multimedia Security Handbook. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press.
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Henk, C. A., & Tilborg, V. (2005). Encyclopedia of cryptography and security. Berlin: Springer.MATH Henk, C. A., & Tilborg, V. (2005). Encyclopedia of cryptography and security. Berlin: Springer.MATH
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, D., & Stüber, G. L. (1998). Residual ISI cancellation for OFDM with applications to HDTV broadcasting. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(8), 1590–1599. Kim, D., & Stüber, G. L. (1998). Residual ISI cancellation for OFDM with applications to HDTV broadcasting. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(8), 1590–1599.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang, G. H., Shen, D., & Li, V. O. K. (2004). UEP for video transmission in space–time coded OFDM systems. In IEEE INFOCOM. Yang, G. H., Shen, D., & Li, V. O. K. (2004). UEP for video transmission in space–time coded OFDM systems. In IEEE INFOCOM.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Rahman, M. I., Das, S. S., & Fitzek, F. H. P. (2005). OFDM based WLAN systems. Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTiF), Technical report R-04-1002; v1.2, 18 February 2005. Rahman, M. I., Das, S. S., & Fitzek, F. H. P. (2005). OFDM based WLAN systems. Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTiF), Technical report R-04-1002; v1.2, 18 February 2005.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrews, J. G., Ghosh, A., & Muhamed, R. (2007). Fundamentals of WiMAX understanding broadband wireless networking. Prentice Hall communications engineering and emerging technologies series (pp. 113–145). Andrews, J. G., Ghosh, A., & Muhamed, R. (2007). Fundamentals of WiMAX understanding broadband wireless networking. Prentice Hall communications engineering and emerging technologies series (pp. 113–145).
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, J., & Li, B. (2008). New modulation identification scheme for OFDM in multipath Rayleigh fading channel. In International symposium on computer science and computational technology. Zhang, J., & Li, B. (2008). New modulation identification scheme for OFDM in multipath Rayleigh fading channel. In International symposium on computer science and computational technology.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu, H. S., Park, B. S., An, C. K., Kang, J. S. & Son, H. G. (2007). Wireless image transmission based on adaptive OFDM system. In IEEE. Chu, H. S., Park, B. S., An, C. K., Kang, J. S. & Son, H. G. (2007). Wireless image transmission based on adaptive OFDM system. In IEEE.
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Mandyam, G. D. (2003). On the discrete cosine transform and OFDM systems. Nokia Research Center. 6000 Connection Drive, Irving, TX 75039 USA, IEEE, ICASSP 2003. Mandyam, G. D. (2003). On the discrete cosine transform and OFDM systems. Nokia Research Center. 6000 Connection Drive, Irving, TX 75039 USA, IEEE, ICASSP 2003.
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Misiti, M., Misiti, Y., & Oppenheim, G. (2007). Wavelets and their applications. Jean-Michel Poggi published in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd. Misiti, M., Misiti, Y., & Oppenheim, G. (2007). Wavelets and their applications. Jean-Michel Poggi published in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd.
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Prochazka, A., Uhlir, J., Rayner, P. J. W., & Kingsbury, N. J. (1998). Signal analysis and prediction. Basel: Birkhauser.CrossRefMATH Prochazka, A., Uhlir, J., Rayner, P. J. W., & Kingsbury, N. J. (1998). Signal analysis and prediction. Basel: Birkhauser.CrossRefMATH
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Muquet, B., Wang, Z., Giannakis, G. B., Courville, M., & Duhamel, P. (2002). Cyclic prefixing or zero padding for wireless multicarrier transmissions. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 50(12). Muquet, B., Wang, Z., Giannakis, G. B., Courville, M., & Duhamel, P. (2002). Cyclic prefixing or zero padding for wireless multicarrier transmissions. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 50(12).
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, B., Zhou, S., Stojanovic, M., Freitag, L., Willett, P. (2007). Non-uniform Doppler compensation for zero-padded OFDM over fast-varying under water acoustic channels. In OCEANS 2007—Europe, IEEE. Li, B., Zhou, S., Stojanovic, M., Freitag, L., Willett, P. (2007). Non-uniform Doppler compensation for zero-padded OFDM over fast-varying under water acoustic channels. In OCEANS 2007—Europe, IEEE.
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Athaudage, C. R. N., & Angiras, R. R. V. (2005). Sensitivity of FFT-equalised zero-padded OFDM systems to time and frequency synchronization errors. IEE Proceedings-Communications, 152(6). Athaudage, C. R. N., & Angiras, R. R. V. (2005). Sensitivity of FFT-equalised zero-padded OFDM systems to time and frequency synchronization errors. IEE Proceedings-Communications, 152(6).
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Fridrich, J. (1998). Symmetric ciphers based on two-dimensional chaotic maps. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 8(6), 1259–1284. Fridrich, J. (1998). Symmetric ciphers based on two-dimensional chaotic maps. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 8(6), 1259–1284.
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Yun-Peng, Z., Wei, L., Shui-Ping, C., Zheng-Jun, Z., Xuan, N., & Wei-Di, D. (2009). Digital image encryption algorithm based on chaos and improved DES. In IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics (pp. 474–479). Yun-Peng, Z., Wei, L., Shui-Ping, C., Zheng-Jun, Z., Xuan, N., & Wei-Di, D. (2009). Digital image encryption algorithm based on chaos and improved DES. In IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics (pp. 474–479).
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Wei-bin, C., & Xin, Z. (2009). Image encryption algorithm based on Henon chaotic system. In IEEE. Wei-bin, C., & Xin, Z. (2009). Image encryption algorithm based on Henon chaotic system. In IEEE.
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, X., & Zhao, D. (2006). Image encryption based on anamorphic fractional Fourier transform and three-step phase-shifting interferometry. Optics Communications, 268(2), 240–244. Wang, X., & Zhao, D. (2006). Image encryption based on anamorphic fractional Fourier transform and three-step phase-shifting interferometry. Optics Communications, 268(2), 240–244.
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu, S., Sun, J., Xu, Z., & Liu, J. (2008). Analysis on an image encryption algorithm. In IEEE international workshop on education technology and training and 2008 international workshop on geoscience and remote sensing. Liu, S., Sun, J., Xu, Z., & Liu, J. (2008). Analysis on an image encryption algorithm. In IEEE international workshop on education technology and training and 2008 international workshop on geoscience and remote sensing.
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Soliman, N. F., Albagory, Y., Elbendary, M. A. M., Al-Hanafy, W., El-Rabaie, E.-S. M., Alshebeili, S. A., & Abd El-Samie, F. E. (2014). Chaotic interleaving for robust image transmission with LDPC coded OFDM. Wireless Personnel Communications, 79, 2141–2154. doi:10.1007/s11277-014-1977-7.CrossRef Soliman, N. F., Albagory, Y., Elbendary, M. A. M., Al-Hanafy, W., El-Rabaie, E.-S. M., Alshebeili, S. A., & Abd El-Samie, F. E. (2014). Chaotic interleaving for robust image transmission with LDPC coded OFDM. Wireless Personnel Communications, 79, 2141–2154. doi:10.​1007/​s11277-014-1977-7.CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Cao, P., Hu, X. F., Wu, J., Zhang, L., Jiang, X., & Su, Y. (2014). Physical layer encryption in OFDM-PON employing time variable keys from ONUs. IEEE Photonics Journal, 6(2). Cao, P., Hu, X. F., Wu, J., Zhang, L., Jiang, X., & Su, Y. (2014). Physical layer encryption in OFDM-PON employing time variable keys from ONUs. IEEE Photonics Journal, 6(2).
Metadaten
Titel
Efficient Transmission of Encrypted Images with OFDM in the Presence of Carrier Frequency Offset
verfasst von
Ibrahim Eldokany
El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie
Said M. Elhalafawy
Mohamed A. Zein Eldin
Mai H. Shahieen
Naglaa F. Soliman
Mohsen A. M. El-Bendary
Mohammed Abd El-Naby
Faisal S. Al-kamali
Ibrahim F. Elashry
Fathi E. Abd El-Samie
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Wireless Personal Communications / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0929-6212
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-834X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2645-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2015

Wireless Personal Communications 1/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Neuer Inhalt