Corona Based Optimal Node Deployment Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, an adjacent coronas based network architecture in which nodes are deployed in accordance with a probability density function (PDF) is proposed. The intrinsic characteristics of the PDF with optimal placement and number of nodes within a corona are determined. The conditions for an energy balanced network are also derived analytically. To confirm the theoretical findings, simulation was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, nodes are deployed as per proposed algorithm and the performance of proposed PDF is compared with that of the other existing distribution techniques. Results of the first phase confirm a significant improvement of up to 83.16% in the average network lifetime with better coverage and connectivity. In the second phase, initially the clustering protocol LEACH is suitably changed and thereafter, the proposed pdf and other existing deployment techniques are executed with LEACH to examine the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on clustering. Results of the second phase confirm that the proposed algorithm enhances the time to die of the first node up to 16.54% as compared to other existing techniques. Simulation results also confirm that it is possible to obtain energy efficient node distribution in constant area adjacent coronas.