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Variation in grafted European chestnut and hybrids by microsatellites reveals two main origins in the Iberian Peninsula

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Abstract

This is the first known large-scale molecular study of simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci based on samples from grafted trees found in the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands and hybrids. Interspecific hybrids resistant to ‘ink disease’ (Phytophthora spp.) were obtained in France, Portugal and Spain, although difficult to distinguish by morphology. This study focuses on genetic variation using 10 SSRs (11 unlinked loci) from clonally propagated cultivars (574 accessions) of European chestnut (Castanea sativa) and hybrids (71 accessions). They were compared with a representative sample of exotic chestnut species present in the Atlantic area, 47 accessions of Castanea crenata, 37 of Castanea mollissima and 33 of Castanea henryi. Accessions were analysed using a model-based Bayesian procedure (Structure), factorial correspondence analysis and analysis of molecular variance. The main chestnut species, hybrids and alien introgressions were differentiated. Two main origins of variability in European cultivated chestnut were found in the Iberian Peninsula, one in the North and a second in the Centre. Andalusian and Canary Island accessions could be assigned to both of these zones, which indicate that they could have been colonised with cultivars originating from either zone, in the case of the Canary Islands from the sixteenth century on.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported in part by the European Union, Atlantic Area Interreg III B programme [CastaneaREG project: “Evaluation, Analyse et Gestion de la Biodiversité au sein de l’espèce Castanea sativa (châtaignier européen) dans les régions de l’Espace Atlantique”], co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

In Spain, we thank the funding for the project “Variabilidad genética de los principales cultivares de castaño en España mediante caracteres morfológicos, caracteres adaptativos y marcadores moleculares” (from Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Proyectos de I+D, AGL2003-09874-C02-01, 2003–2006). In Portugal, we thank the funding for the Project AGRO 448, Medida 8.1 “Valorização e preservação da biodiversidade de variedades de castanha da região Centro e Norte de Portugal”. We thank Gaëlle Capdeville for her technical help with CEQTM 8000 genetic analysis system. We also thank B. Cuenca-Valera from Empresa de Transformación Agraria, SA (TRAGSA), M.B. Díaz-Hernández from Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), M. Ciordia-Ara from Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Asturias (SERIDA), D. Ríos-Mesa from Centro de la Conservación de la Biodiversidad Agrícola de Tenerife (CCBAT), A.J. Gónzález-Díaz from Cabildo de la Palma, O. Borges from Direcção Regional de Agricultura de Trás-os-Montes (DRATM), L. Fonseca from Direcção Regional de Agricultura da Beira Litoral (DRABL), Augusto Assunção from Direção Regional de Agricultura de Entre-Douro e Minho (DRAEDM) and F. Matos Soares from Direcção Regional de Agricultura da Beira Interior (DRABI) for their help with the sample collection. Our acknowledgements also to Dra. Carmen Bouza from Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) for helping with the analyses of this data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain

    Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo & Ana María Ramos-Cabrer

  2. INRB/L-INIA, Av. da República, 2780-159, Oeiras, Portugal

    Rita Maria Lourenço Costa, Carla Alexandra Marques Ribeiro & Marta Filipa Serra da Silva

  3. INRA UREF 71, Avenue Edouard-Bourlaux, B.P.81-33883, Villenave d’Ornon Cédex, France

    George Manzano & Teresa Barreneche

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  1. Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo
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  2. Rita Maria Lourenço Costa
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  3. Ana María Ramos-Cabrer
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  4. Carla Alexandra Marques Ribeiro
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  5. Marta Filipa Serra da Silva
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  6. George Manzano
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  7. Teresa Barreneche
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Correspondence to Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo.

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Communicated by A. Kremer

Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo, Rita Maria Lourenço Costa and Teresa Barreneche have contributed equally to the studies presented in this manuscript.

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Pereira-Lorenzo, S., Costa, R.M.L., Ramos-Cabrer, A.M. et al. Variation in grafted European chestnut and hybrids by microsatellites reveals two main origins in the Iberian Peninsula. Tree Genetics & Genomes 6, 701–715 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-010-0285-y

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