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The spatial distribution of dissolved and particulate heavy metals and their response to land-based inputs and tides in a semi-enclosed industrial embayment: Jiaozhou Bay, China

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Abstract

In order to evaluate heavy metal contamination in surface waters in the Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), a typical semi-enclosed bay in the north of China, and to identify the response of heavy metal distribution to terrigenous sources and tides, the land-based discharge flux of dissolved Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd and their particulates, as well as their concentrations, were synchronously surveyed in JZB in flood season and normal season respectively. The survey results showed that the amount of dissolved Cu clearly increased from the estuaries to the offshore waters during the flood season, especially from the Dagu estuary to the mouth of JZB. The same trend was observed for Pb. The isopleths of dissolved Zn during the flood season presented a different pattern in which a clear decrease was observed from the Lianwan, Moshui and Dagu estuaries to the offshore waters. However, the particulate Cu isopleths during the flood season, which had the same pattern as those of particulate Pb, Zn and Cd, showed a clear decrease from the Dagu estuary to the mouth of JZB. The isopleths for dissolved and particulate Cu during the normal season showed a clear decrease from the northeast to the entrance of JZB, and the same trend was observed for Pb, Zn and Cd. Observations based on synchronous investigations of the fluvial fluxes of the selected metals and their average concentrations in JZB showed that these patterns were controlled by the strong external fluvial inputs, especially from the Dagu River. The diurnal change in the Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations showed a periodicity with a cycle length of approximately 12 h in JZB, which indicates the noticeable impact of the semi-diurnal tide. The weighed average concentration from freshwater inputs calculated for dissolved Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were higher than their average concentrations in JZB. This indicated that JZB had been contaminated with these metals, whose concentrations were also higher than those found in uncontaminated waters.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the students and staff at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, who kindly helped with the collection of samples and sample analysis.

Funding

This study was funded by the Ocean Welfare Scientific Research Project of the State Oceanic Administration, China (Project No. 201205018), NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers (Grant No. U1406403), the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (Grant No. 201362014), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Project No. BK20141478), the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Project No. 14KJB170016), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People’s Republic of China

    Changyou Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, People’s Republic of China

    Shengkang Liang, Yanbin Li, Keqiang Li & Xiulin Wang

  3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People’s Republic of China

    Shengkang Liang, Yanbin Li, Keqiang Li & Xiulin Wang

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  1. Changyou Wang
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  2. Shengkang Liang
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Correspondence to Shengkang Liang.

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Wang, C., Liang, S., Li, Y. et al. The spatial distribution of dissolved and particulate heavy metals and their response to land-based inputs and tides in a semi-enclosed industrial embayment: Jiaozhou Bay, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 10480–10495 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4259-3

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