Abstract
The present study used commercial feeds, food waste feeds, Napier grass, and mixed feeds (food waste feed to Napier grass ratio, 1:10) to feed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The results indicated that grass carp fed with food waste feeds and mix feeds achieved growth performance (based on specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio) that was similar to commercial feeds (p > 0.05). Concentrations of metalloid/metals in food waste feeds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Napier grass were relatively higher than other types of fish feeds (p < 0.05). However, most of the metalloid/metals and PAH levels in fish fed with four types of fish feeds were not significantly different (p > 0.05). These findings show that food waste feeds are suitable for using in the production of fish feed and Napier grass can be served as supplemental feeds for grass carp, and hence reducing the production cost.
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Acknowledgments
Financial support from the Environmental and Conservation Fund (37/2009), the Drainage Services Department (DEMP/2014/03), and the Start-Up Research Grant for Newly Recruited Professors/(Research) Chair Professors, The Hong Kong Institute of Education (RG24/13-14R) is gratefully acknowledged.
Compliance with ethical standards
The research works of the above study were funded by the research grant provided by Environment and Conservation Fund (37/2009), the Drainage Services Department (DEMP/2014/03), and the Start-Up Research Grant for Newly Recruited Professors/(Research) Chair Professors, The Hong Kong Institute of Education (RG24/13-14R). The authors would like to declare that there was no potential conflict of interest (financial or non-financial). This research involved experiments on animals, grass carp, due to the fact that toxic pollutants that are present in fish are important indicators of their health statuses and the effect of feed supplements on fish. Post-experimental care of animals were provided including minimizing discomfort and the consequences of any disability resulting from the experiment, e.g., the fish were placed in a solution of MS222 dissolved in water (minimum concentration of 250 mg/l) until death was achieved.
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Cheng, Z., Mo, WY., Nie, XP. et al. The use of food waste-based diets and Napier grass to culture grass carp: growth performance and contaminants contained in cultured fish. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 7204–7210 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5189-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5189-9