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Uptake and toxicity of nano-ZnO in the plant-feeding nematode, Xiphinema vuittenezi: the role of dissolved zinc and nanoparticle-specific effects

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Abstract

Nanoparticulate ZnO is one of the most commonly applied nanomaterials. As ZnO is more soluble than many other oxide nanoparticles, its toxicity beyond the nanoparticle-specific effects can be attributed to the dissolved ionic zinc. The investigation of uptake and toxicity of nano-ZnO in the plant-feeding nematode, Xiphinema vuittenezi, which was used in previous studies as a biological model organism, was aimed. The establishment of the role of dissolved zinc and nanoparticle-specific effects in the toxicity was also the objective of our study. Zn uptake was found to be significantly higher for bulk and nano-ZnO than for ZnSO4 solution; however, treatments caused loss of potassium in the worms in a dissolved-zinc-dependent manner. The toxicity was the lowest for bulk ZnO, and it was very similar for nano-ZnO and ZnSO4 solution. Accordingly, the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles is a combination of dissolved-zinc-caused toxicity and nanoparticle-specific effects.

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Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Social Renewal Operational Programme (grant no. 4.2.1/B-11/2/KMR-2011-0003) and the Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (grant no. K81401). Special thanks are due to Imre Varga, Károly Havancsák, and Gábor Varga for their help in nanoparticle characterization.

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  1. Zoltán Sávoly

    Present address: Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Todusok korutja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary

    Zoltán Sávoly & Gyula Záray

  2. Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary

    Krisztina Hrács & Péter István Nagy

  3. Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, Stadionallee 2, 1020, Vienna, Austria

    Bernhard Pemmer & Christina Streli

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  1. Zoltán Sávoly
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Correspondence to Zoltán Sávoly.

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Sávoly, Z., Hrács, K., Pemmer, B. et al. Uptake and toxicity of nano-ZnO in the plant-feeding nematode, Xiphinema vuittenezi: the role of dissolved zinc and nanoparticle-specific effects. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 9669–9678 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5983-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5983-4

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