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The geochemistry model of the surface sediment determined by using ED-XRF technique: a case study of the Boka Kotorska bay, Adriatic Sea

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Abstract

The spatial distribution of major oxides (Na2O, K2O, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, MnO, TiO2, P2O5) and numerous elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Pb, Sn, Sb, Ba, Sr, Br, Rb, Zr, Mo, Cs, Y, V, Ga, La, U, Th, Nb, W, Sc, Ge, Gd, Yb, Hf, and Ce) was determined by using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry on the basis of previously measured organic matter and carbonates. The optimal measuring variables for the investigated oxides and elements were determined by using five standard reference materials. The carbonated sediment type can be determined on the basis of the highest Sr, Sc, La, Nb, Hf, and Yb concentrations followed with the lowest concentrations of the remaining elements and the negative Ce anomaly. The complexity of the obtained data was also examined by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) in the identifying geochemical composition of the surface sediment. Boka Kotorska bay’s geographical position, orographical configuration, and hydrographic characteristics influence the geochemistry model of the surface sediment, quite different from the open sea.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge funding from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, Contract No. III43009.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Bojan Tanaskovski & Slavka Stanković

  2. Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia

    Mihajlo Jović

  3. Institute for testing of materials IMS, Bulevar vojvode Mišića 43, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Ljiljana Miličić

  4. Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Lato Pezo

  5. Institute of Marine Biology, University of Podgorica, 85330, Kotor, Dobrota bb, Montenegro

    Milica Mandić

Authors
  1. Bojan Tanaskovski
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  2. Mihajlo Jović
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  3. Ljiljana Miličić
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  4. Lato Pezo
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  5. Milica Mandić
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  6. Slavka Stanković
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Slavka Stanković.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Table A

Content of LOI 1, LOI 2, and investigated oxides (wt% dw) and minor, trace and rare earth elements (mg/kg dw) in the Boka Kotorska Bay surface sediments (DOC 72 kb)

Supplementary Table B

Correlation coefficients for mass fractions of LOI 1, LOI 2, investigated oxides and elements in surface sediments of the Boka Kotorska Bay; marked correlations are statistically significant at p < 0.05 level, 95 % confidence limit (DOC 138 kb)

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Tanaskovski, B., Jović, M., Miličić, L. et al. The geochemistry model of the surface sediment determined by using ED-XRF technique: a case study of the Boka Kotorska bay, Adriatic Sea. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 11777–11789 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6353-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6353-6

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