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An overview of municipal solid waste management and landfill leachate treatment: Malaysia and Asian perspectives

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Abstract

Currently, generation of solid waste per capita in Malaysia is about 1.1 kg/day. Over 26,500 t of solid waste is disposed almost solely through 166 operating landfills in the country every day. Despite the availability of other disposal methods, landfill is the most widely accepted and prevalent method for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in developing countries, including Malaysia. This is mainly ascribed to its inherent forte in terms cost saving and simpler operational mechanism. However, there is a downside. Environmental pollution caused by the landfill leachate has been one of the typical dilemmas of landfilling method. Leachate is the liquid produced when water percolates through solid waste and contains dissolved or suspended materials from various disposed materials and biodecomposition processes. It is often a high-strength wastewater with extreme pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), inorganic salts and toxicity. Its composition differs over the time and space within a particular landfill, influenced by a broad spectrum of factors, namely waste composition, landfilling practice (solid waste contouring and compacting), local climatic conditions, landfill’s physico-chemical conditions, biogeochemistry and landfill age. This paper summarises an overview of landfill operation and leachate treatment availability reported in literature: a broad spectrum of landfill management opportunity, leachate parameter discussions and the way forward of landfill leachate treatment applicability.

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by Solid Waste Management Cluster (SWAM), Grant No.1001/CKT/870023, courtesy from Science and Engineering Research Center (SERC) Universiti Sains Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin

  2. Center of Excellence, Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia

    Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin

  3. School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

    Mohd Suffian Yusoff, Lo Ming Rui & Awatif Md Isa

  4. College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Serdang, Seksyen 11, 43650, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Hafiz Zawawi

  5. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Penang, Malaysia

    Rasyidah Alrozi

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  1. Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin
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  2. Mohd Suffian Yusoff
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  3. Lo Ming Rui
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Correspondence to Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin.

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Kamaruddin, M.A., Yusoff, M.S., Rui, L.M. et al. An overview of municipal solid waste management and landfill leachate treatment: Malaysia and Asian perspectives. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 26988–27020 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0303-9

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