Abstract
Experimentation was conducted on a single cylinder CI engine using processed colloidal emulsions of TiO2 nanoparticle-water-diesel distillate of crude plastic diesel oil as test fuel. The test fuel was prepared with plastic diesel oil as the principal constituent by a novel blending technique with an aim to improve the working characteristics. The results obtained by the test fuel from the experiments were compared with that of commercial petro-diesel (CPD) fuel for same engine operating parameters. Plastic oil produced from high density polyethylene plastic waste by pyrolysis was subjected to fractional distillation for separating plastic diesel oil (PDO) that contains diesel range hydrocarbons. The blending process showed a little improvement in the field of fuel oil-water-nanometal oxide colloidal emulsion preparation due to the influence of surfactant in electrostatic stabilization, dielectric potential, and pH of the colloidal medium on the absolute value of zeta potential, a measure of colloidal stability. The engine tests with nano-emulsions of PDO showed an increase in ignition delay (23.43%), and decrease in EGT (6.05%), BSNOx (7.13%), and BSCO (28.96%) relative to PDO at rated load. Combustion curve profiles, percentage distribution of compounds, and physical and chemical properties of test fuels ascertains these results. The combustion acceleration at diffused combustion phase was evidenced in TiO2 emulsion fuels under study.
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Abbreviations
- aTDC:
-
after top dead centre
- ASTM:
-
American society for testing and materials
- bmep:
-
brake mean effective pressure
- bTDC:
-
before top dead centre
- BTE:
-
brake thermal efficiency
- BSFC:
-
brake specific fuel consumption
- BSHC:
-
brake specific hydro carbon
- BSNOx :
-
brake specific nitrogen oxides
- CA:
-
crank angle
- CI:
-
compression ignition
- CPD:
-
commercial petro- diesel
- CPD 2S 5 W 20TiO2 :
-
commercial petro- diesel +2% surfactant +5% water +20 ppm titanium dioxide
- CPD 2S 5 W 40TiO2 :
-
commercial petro- diesel +2% surfactant +5% water +40 ppm titanium dioxide
- CPD 2S 5 W 60TiO2 :
-
commercial petro- diesel +2% surfactant +5% water +60 ppm titanium dioxide
- CV:
-
calorific value
- DLVO:
-
Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek
- EGT:
-
exhaust gas temperature
- GC-MS:
-
gas chromatography - mass spectrometry
- HDPE:
-
high density polyethylene
- HLB:
-
hydrophilic–lipophilic balance
- HRR:
-
heat release rate
- kcps:
-
kilo counts per second
- NPs:
-
nanoparticles
- PDO:
-
plastic diesel oil
- PDO 2S 5 W 20TiO2 :
-
plastic diesel oil +2% surfactant +5% water +20 ppm titanium dioxide
- PDO 2S 5 W 40TiO2 :
-
plastic diesel oil +2% surfactant +5% water +40 ppm titanium dioxide
- PDO 2S 5 W 60TiO2 :
-
plastic diesel oil +2% surfactant +5% water +60 ppm titanium dioxide
- UHC:
-
unburned hydrocarbons
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Karisathan Sundararajan, N., Ammal, A.R.B. Improvement studies on emission and combustion characteristics of DICI engine fuelled with colloidal emulsion of diesel distillate of plastic oil, TiO2 nanoparticles and water. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 11595–11613 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1380-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1380-0