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Determinants of material footprint in BRICS countries: an empirical analysis

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Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between renewable energy consumption, urbanization, human capital, trade, natural resources, and material footprint for BRICS countries from 1990 to 2016. We apply the cross-sectional dependency test to check the correlation among the cross-section. Then, we use the second-generation panel test like CADF and CIPS to check the stationary in the series. After that, we go for the panel cointegration test, i.e., Pedroni and Westerlund panel cointegration, to know the long-run relationship of the variables. The test results reject the null hypothesis of no cointegration among the variables and accept cointegration. The long-run results indicate that economic growth, natural resources, renewable energy, and urbanization have reduced the environmental quality for BRICS countries in case of material footprint employed to measure environmental degradation. However, foreign trade and human capital improve environmental quality. Based on the empirical results, the study recommended some important policy suggestions to achieve sustainable development in BRICS countries.

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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India

    Malayaranjan Sahoo

  2. Department of Economics Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India

    Seema Saini

  3. Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath

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  1. Malayaranjan Sahoo
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  2. Seema Saini
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  3. Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath
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Contributions

Malayaranjan Sahoo: conceptualization, data curation, software, investigation, supervision writing—original draft preparation; Seema Saini: introduction, reviewing, conclusion, editing overall draft and restructuring, visualization; Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath: conceptualization, data curation, software, writing—original draft preparation, policy implications.

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Correspondence to Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath.

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Sahoo, M., Saini, S. & Villanthenkodath, M.A. Determinants of material footprint in BRICS countries: an empirical analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 37689–37704 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13309-7

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