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Erschienen in: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 5/2011

01.06.2011 | LCA FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS

Life cycle assessment of automotive fuels: critical analysis and recommendations on the emissions inventory in the tank to wheels stage

verfasst von: Florent Querini, Jean-Christophe Béziat, Stéphane Morel, Valérie Boch, Patrick Rousseaux

Erschienen in: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment | Ausgabe 5/2011

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Abstract

Purpose

As new alternative automotive fuels are being developed, life cycle assessment (LCA) is being used to assess the sustainability of these new options. A fuel LCA is commonly referred as a “Well To Wheels” analysis and calculates the environmental impacts of producing the fuel (the “Well To Tank” stage) and using it to move a car (the “Tank To Wheels” stage, TTW). The TTW environmental impacts are the main topic of this article.

Materials and methods

Renault’s cars pollutant emissions are measured on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) to comply with Euro regulations. The results have been used to show the variability of the emissions in the TTW stage. Five E85 flex-fuel vehicles were also tested to check their compliance with Euro standards, enabling to show the effect of an alternative fuel such as ethanol on pollutant emissions. Finally, Euro standard emission thresholds were transposed into environmental impacts to see how they affect TTW results.

Results and discussion

The TTW stage is very significant for the environmental impacts selected. The results show the unpredictable variability of the impacts between vehicles and when switching from gasoline to ethanol (E85). However, this variability is inferior compared with the differences between cars complying with different Euro standards.

Conclusions

Measured emissions on a car on NEDC cycle may not be suitable as the input data for TTW calculations. Euro standards associated with average fuel consumptions may be used as the basis for TTW impacts and should be chosen carefully in order to be relevant with the scope of the study. This leads to a functional unit, which is defined as the quantity of fuel needed to move a car that is representative of the average fleet that uses the fuel on 1 km.

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Glossar
AP
Acidification potential
CIE
Compression ignition engine
ELCD
European Life Cycle Database
EU
European Union
FU
Functional unit
GHG
Greenhouse gas
GWP
Global warming potential
HC
Hydrocarbons
ICE
Internal combustion engine
JEC
Joint Research Centre/Eucar/Concawe
LCA
Life cycle assessment
LUC
Land use change
MEP
Marine eutrophication potential
NEDC
New European Driving Cycle
OFP
Ozone formation potential
PM
Particulate matter
PMFP
Particulate matter formation potential
POCP
Photochemical oxidation creation potential
SIE
Spark ignition engine
TTW
Tank To Wheels
VOC
Volatile organic compounds
WTT
Well To Tank
WTW
Well To Wheels
Fußnoten
1
European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Environmental Agency, http://​www.​eea.​europa.​eu/​publications/​emep-eea-emission-inventory-guidebook-2009
 
4
91/441/EEC, 94/12/EC, 98/69/EC and 2007/715/EC
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Life cycle assessment of automotive fuels: critical analysis and recommendations on the emissions inventory in the tank to wheels stage
verfasst von
Florent Querini
Jean-Christophe Béziat
Stéphane Morel
Valérie Boch
Patrick Rousseaux
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2011
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment / Ausgabe 5/2011
Print ISSN: 0948-3349
Elektronische ISSN: 1614-7502
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-011-0273-y

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