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Effects of straw amendment and moisture on microbial communities in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil

  • SOILS, SEC 5 • SOIL AND LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Soils and Sediments Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Returning crop straw into fields is a typical agricultural practice to resolve an oversupply of straw and improve soil fertility. Soil microorganisms, especially eukaryotic microorganisms, play a critical role in straw decomposition. To date, microbial communities in response to straw amendment at different moisture levels in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of straw amendment and moisture on microbial communities in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil.

Materials and methods

Two soils (one was applied with organic manure, and the other was not applied with any fertilizer) from a long-term field experiment in the North China Plain were collected. Soils with and without straw amendment at 25 and 55 % of the average water-holding capacities of the two soils were incubated at 25 °C for 80 days. All treatments were sampled 20 and 80 days after the start of incubation. Microbial biomass and community structure were analyzed by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) assay, and the eukaryotic diversity and community composition were assessed via barcoded pyrosequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons.

Results and discussion

PLFA analysis showed that straw amendment increased the biomass of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, actinobacteria, and fungi and shifted microbial community structure. The varied straw availability resulted in a large variation in microbial community structure. In the presence of straw, actinobacterial and fungal biomass both decreased under high moisture content. 18S rRNA gene pyrosequencing indicated that straw amendment decreased eukaryotic diversity and richness and probably restructured the eukaryotic community. Under identical moisture content, long-term organic manure-fertilized soil had higher eukaryotic diversity and richness than the unfertilized soil. In the amended soils under high moisture content, the relative abundance of dominant fungal taxa (Dikarya subkingdom, Ascomycota phylum, and Pezizomycotina subphylum) decreased.

Conclusions

Straw amendment increases microbial biomass, shifts microbial community structure, and decreases eukaryotic diversity and richness. High moisture content probably has a negative effect on fungal growth in the amended soils. In conclusion, microbial communities in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil are significantly affected by straw amendment at different moisture levels.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are very grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and constructive suggestions on this manuscript. This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (2011CB100506), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CXJQ120111), and China Agriculture Research System-Wheat.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Lin Chen, Jiabao Zhang, Bingzi Zhao, Pei Yan, Guixiang Zhou & Xiuli Xin

  2. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China

    Lin Chen

  3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Crops in Henan, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China

    Jiabao Zhang

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  1. Lin Chen
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  2. Jiabao Zhang
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  3. Bingzi Zhao
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Correspondence to Jiabao Zhang.

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Responsible editor: Ian Anderson

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Chen, L., Zhang, J., Zhao, B. et al. Effects of straw amendment and moisture on microbial communities in Chinese fluvo-aquic soil. J Soils Sediments 14, 1829–1840 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0924-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0924-2

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