Skip to main content
Log in

The development of hollow multishelled structure: from the innovation of synthetic method to the discovery of new characteristics

  • Reviews
  • Published:
Science China Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hollow multishelled structure (HoMS) is one of the most promising multifunctional structures. The high complexity of its structure makes the general and controllable synthesis of HoMS rather challenging. By integration of multidisciplinary knowledge, a great achievement in HoMSs has been obtained in the past decade. Especially, the developed sequential templating approach has significantly boomed the progress of HoMS in composition and structure diversity and application area. The implementation of the temporal-spatial ordering in HoMS makes it indispensable in solving the key scientific problems in energy conversion, catalysis and drug delivery areas. Further development in HoMSs with novel intricate structures will bring new understandings. In this review, we systematically introduce the development history of HoMSs, summarize the inspiration inherited from the previous research on hollow structures, and discuss the milestones in the development of HoMSs, with a focus on the sequential templating approach for HoMS fabrication, attractive temporal-spatial ordering property and dynamic smart behavior for advanced applications. We hope to reveal the inherent relationship between the precise synthesis of HoMS and its highly tunable compositional and structural characteristics, and point out its future direction to boost HoMS area further.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhao Y, Jiang L. Adv Mater, 2009, 21: 3621–3638

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Wang J, Cui Y, Wang D. Adv Mater, 2019, 31: 1801993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Qi J, Lai X, Wang J, Tang H, Ren H, Yang Y, Jin Q, Zhang L, Yu R, Ma G, Su Z, Zhao H, Wang D. Chem Soc Rev, 2015, 44: 6749–6773

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang J, Wan J, Yang N, Li Q, Wang D. Nat Rev Chem, 2020, 4: 159–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Yin Y, Lu Y, Gates B, Xia Y. Chem Mater, 2001, 13: 1146–1148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sun X, Li Y. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2004, 43: 3827–3831

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Li Y, Shi J, Hua Z, Chen H, Ruan M, Yan D. Nano Lett, 2003, 3: 609–612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Yu C, Tian B, Fan J, Stucky GD, Zhao D. Chem Lett, 2002, 31: 62–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Huang J, Xie Y, Li B, Liu Y, Qian Y, Zhang S. Adv Mater, 2000, 12: 808–811

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Cao AM, Hu JS, Liang HP, Wan LJ. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2005, 44: 4391–4395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yin Y, Rioux RM, Erdonmez CK, Hughes S, Somorjai GA, Alivisatos AP. Science, 2004, 304: 711–714

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chang Y, Teo JJ, Zeng HC. Langmuir, 2005, 21: 1074–1079

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Feng W, Sun LD, Zhang YW, Yan CH. Small, 2009, 5: 2057–2060

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu Q, Wang X. InfoMat, 2021, 1–15

  15. Razaq R, Zhang N, Xin Y, Li Q, Wang J, Zhang Z. EcoMat, 2020, 2: e12020

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang Y, Ran L, Li Z, Zhai P, Zhang B, Fan Z, Wang C, Zhang X, Hou J, Sun L. Trans Tianjin Univ, 2021, 27: 348–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kaneti YV, Guo Y, Septiani NLW, Iqbal M, Jiang X, Takei T, Yu-liarto B, Alothman ZA, Golberg D, Yamauchi Y. Chem Eng J, 2021, 405: 126580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Septiani NLW, Saputro AG, Kaneti YV, Maulana AL, Fathurrahman F, Lim H, Yuliarto B, Nugraha B, Dipojono HK, Golberg D, Ya-mauchi Y. ACS Appl Nano Mater, 2020, 3: 8982–8996

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Guo Y, Zhou X, Tang J, Tanaka S, Kaneti YV, Na J, Jiang B, Yamauchi Y, Bando Y, Sugahara Y. Nano Energy, 2020, 75: 104913

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang J, Wan J, Wang D. Acc Chem Res, 2019, 52: 2169–2178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang J, Cui Y, Wang D. Nanoscale Horiz, 2020, 5: 1287–1292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang J, Tang H, Wang H, Yu R, Wang D. Mater Chem Front, 2017, 1: 414–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pan N, Lin M, Cui H, Fan W, Liu C, Chen F, Fan C, Xia Y, Sui K. Chem Mater, 2020, 32: 8442–8449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. You F, Wan J, Qi J, Mao D, Yang N, Zhang Q, Gu L, Wang D. Angew Chem, 2020, 132: 731–734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Chen H, Shen K, Tan Y, Li Y. ACS Nano, 2019, 13: 7800–7810

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Iwanaga H, Shibata N. J Cryst Growth, 1974, 24–25: 357–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhu YC, Bando Y, Yin LW, Golberg D. Chem Eur J, 2004, 10: 3667–3672

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Li Z, Lai X, Wang H, Mao D, Xing C, Wang D. J Phys Chem C, 2009, 113: 2792–2797

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wu C, Zhang X, Ning B, Yang J, Xie Y. Inorg Chem, 2009, 48: 6044–6054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lai X, Li J, Korgel BA, Dong Z, Li Z, Su F, Du J, Wang D. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 2738–2741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wang J, Yang N, Tang H, Dong Z, Jin Q, Yang M, Kisailus D, Zhao H, Tang Z, Wang D. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52: 6417–6420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ren H, Yu R, Wang J, Jin Q, Yang M, Mao D, Kisailus D, Zhao H, Wang D. Nano Lett, 2014, 14: 6679–6684

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang J, Tang H, Zhang L, Ren H, Yu R, Jin Q, Qi J, Mao D, Yang M, Wang Y, Liu P, Zhang Y, Wen Y, Gu L, Ma G, Su Z, Tang Z, Zhao H, Wang D. Nat Energy, 2016, 1: 16050

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wang F, Wang J, Ren H, Tang H, Yu R, Wang D. Inorg Chem Front, 2016, 3: 365–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Zhao X, Wang J, Yu R, Wang D. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 17114–17119

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Wang J, Tang H, Ren H, Yu R, Qi J, Mao D, Zhao H, Wang D. Adv Sci, 2014, 1: 1400011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Dong Z, Lai X, Halpert JE, Yang N, Yi L, Zhai J, Wang D, Tang Z, Jiang L. Adv Mater, 2012, 24: 1046–1049

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Dong Z, Ren H, Hessel CM, Wang J, Yu R, Jin Q, Yang M, Hu Z, Chen Y, Tang Z, Zhao H, Wang D. Adv Mater, 2014, 26: 905–909

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Waqas M, Wei Y, Mao D, Qi J, Yang Y, Wang B, Wang D. Nano Res, 2017, 10: 3920–3928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wei Y, Wang J, Yu R, Wan J, Wang D. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2019, 58: 1422–1426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. dataset.wd-homs.cn, accessed on 2021-08-04

  42. Bi R, Mao D, Wang J, Yu R, Wang D. Acta Chim Sin, 2020, 78: 1200–1212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Zhu Y, Shi J, Shen W, Dong X, Feng J, Ruan M, Li Y. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2005, 44: 5083–5087

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Yao Y, McDowell MT, Ryu I, Wu H, Liu N, Hu L, Nix WD, Cui Y. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 2949–2954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Liang X, Wang X, Zhuang Y, Xu B, Kuang S, Li Y. Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130: 2736–2737

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Zheng G, Yang Y, Cha JJ, Hong SS, Cui Y. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 4462–4467

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Chen Y, Chen H, Zeng D, Tian Y, Chen F, Feng J, Shi J. ACS Nano, 2010, 4: 6001–6013

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Chen Y, Chen H, Guo L, He Q, Chen F, Zhou J, Feng J, Shi J. ACS Nano, 2009, 4: 529–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Zhang DF, Sun LD, Xu G, Yan CH. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2006, 8: 4874–4880

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Li B, Rong G, Xie Y, Huang L, Feng C. Inorg Chem, 2006, 45: 6404–6410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Li X, Xiong Y, Li Z, Xie Y. Inorg Chem, 2006, 45: 3493–3495

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Wu Z, Yu K, Zhang S, Xie Y. J Phys Chem C, 2008, 112: 11307–11313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Zhu Y, Shi J, Chen H, Shen W, Dong X. Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 2005, 84: 218–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Zhu Y, Shi J, Shen W, Chen H, Dong X, Ruan M. Nanotechnology, 2005, 16: 2633–2638

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Yu X, Wang D, Peng Q, Li Y. Chem Commun, 2011, 47: 8094–8096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Liu X, Qiu G, Wang J, Li Y. Chem Lett, 2004, 33: 852–853

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Yin Y, Erdonmez C, Cabot A, Hughes S, Alivisatos A. Adv Funct Mater, 2006, 16: 1389–1399

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Sevonkaev I, Matijevic E. Langmuir, 2009, 25: 10534–10539

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Zhang F, Shi Y, Sun X, Zhao D, Stucky GD. Chem Mater, 2009, 21: 5237–5243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Wang H, Wang R, Sun X, Yan R, Li Y. Mater Res Bull, 2005, 40: 911–919

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Jayaprakash N, Shen J, Moganty SS, Corona A, Archer LA. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 5904–5908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Sun X, Li Y. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2005, 291: 7–12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Guo L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhou J, He Q, Zeng S, Cui X, Shi J. Chem Commun, 2009, 40: 6071–6073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Zhang WM, Hu JS, Guo YG, Zheng SF, Zhong LS, Song WG, Wan LJ. Adv Mater, 2008, 20: 1160–1165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Im SH, Jeong U, Xia Y. Nat Mater, 2005, 4: 671–675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Sun B, Wang D, Wan L. Sci China Chem, 2017, 60: 1098–1102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Li Y, Yan K, Lee HW, Lu Z, Liu N, Cui Y. Nat Energy, 2016, 1: 15029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Liu N, Lu Z, Zhao J, McDowell MT, Lee HW, Zhao W, Cui Y. Nat Nanotech, 2014, 9: 187–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Zheng G, Lee SW, Liang Z, Lee HW, Yan K, Yao H, Wang H, Li W, Chu S, Cui Y. Nat Nanotech, 2014, 9: 618–623

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Wang GH, Hilgert J, Richter FH, Wang F, Bongard HJ, Spliethoff B, Weidenthaler C, Schüth F. Nat Mater, 2014, 13: 293–300

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Xu H, Wang W. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2007, 46: 1489–1492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Yang HG, Zeng HC. J Phys Chem B, 2004, 108: 3492–3495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Chen C, Kang Y, Huo Z, Zhu Z, Huang W, Xin HL, Snyder JD, Li D, Herron JA, Mavrikakis M, Chi M, More KL, Li Y, Markovic NM, Somorjai GA, Yang P, Stamenkovic VR. Science, 2014, 343: 1339–1343

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Yec CC, Zeng HC. Chem Mater, 2012, 24: 1917–1929

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Shen L, Yu L, Wu HB, Yu XY, Zhang X, Lou XWD. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 6694

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Wong YJ, Zhu L, Teo WS, Tan YW, Yang Y, Wang C, Chen H. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 11422–11425

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. He C, Chen S, Long R, Song L, Xiong Y. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63: 1721–1726

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Jiang S, Liu S, Meng L, Qi Q, Wang L, Xu B, Liu J, Tian W. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63: 497–503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Guo B, Li C, Wu H, Chen J, Wang J, Wei H, Mai Y. CCS Chem, 2020, 2: 1410–1422

    Google Scholar 

  80. Wang XX, Gan SC, Zheng LJ, Li ML, Xu JJ. CCS Chem, 2020, 2: 1764–1774

    Google Scholar 

  81. Wang C, Wang J, Hu W, Wang D. Chem Res Chin Univ, 2020, 36: 68–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Zhao J, Yang M, Yang N, Wang J, Wang D. Chem Res Chin Univ, 2020, 36: 313–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Zhao H, Chen JF, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Sun JW, Yun J. Adv Mater, 2008, 20: 3682–3686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Zhang F, Braun GB, Pallaoro A, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Cui D, Moskovits M, Zhao D, Stucky GD. Nano Lett, 2012, 12: 61–67

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Li M, Mao D, Wan J, Wang F, Zhai T, Wang D. Inorg Chem Front, 2019, 6: 1968–1972

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Xi G, Yan Y, Ma Q, Li J, Yang H, Lu X, Wang C. Chem Eur J, 2012, 18: 13949–13953

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Wang H, Qi J, Yang N, Cui W, Wang J, Li Q, Zhang Q, Yu X, Gu L, Li J, Yu R, Huang K, Song S, Feng S, Wang D. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2020, 59: 19691–19695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Xu S, Hessel CM, Ren H, Yu R, Jin Q, Yang M, Zhao H, Wang D. Energy Environ Sci, 2014, 7: 632–637

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Salhabi EHM, Zhao J, Wang J, Yang M, Wang B, Wang D. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2019, 58: 9078–9082

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Huang CC, Huang W, Yeh CS. Biomaterials, 2011, 32: 556–564

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Xiong S, Zeng HC. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 949–952

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Choi SH, Kang YC. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7: 24694–24702

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Li D, Zhao X, Yu R, Wang B, Wang H, Wang D. Inorg Chem Front, 2018, 5: 535–540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Guan BY, Yu L, Wang X, Song S, Lou XWD. Adv Mater, 2017, 29: 1605051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Xie F, Zhang L, Gu Q, Chao D, Jaroniec M, Qiao SZ. Nano Energy, 2019, 60: 591–599

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Park SK, Kim JK, Chan Kang Y. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5: 18823–18830

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Xu C, Li Q, Shen J, Yuan Z, Ning J, Zhong Y, Zhang Z, Hu Y. Nanoscale, 2019, 11: 10738–10745

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Tian J, Zhu H, Chen J, Zheng X, Duan H, Pu K, Chen P. Small, 2017, 13: 1700798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Hou P, Li D, Yang N, Wan J, Zhang C, Zhang X, Jiang H, Zhang Q, Gu L, Wang D. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 6926–6931

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Qi Y, Tong Z, Zhao J, Ma L, Wu T, Liu H, Yang C, Lu J, Hu YS. Joule, 2018, 2: 2348–2363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Wang Z, Luan D, Li CM, Su F, Madhavi S, Boey FYC, Lou XW. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 16271–16277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Zhang J, Yu L, Chen Y, Lu XF, Gao S, Lou XWD. Adv Mater, 2020, 32: 1906432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Feng J, Guo H, Wang S, Zhao Y, Ma X. Chem Eng J, 2017, 321: 401–411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Li YY, Liu XL, Yang DJ, Hao ZH, Wang QQ. Chin Phys Lett, 2015, 32: 024205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Gu D, Bongard H, Deng Y, Feng D, Wu Z, Fang Y, Mao J, Tu B, Schüth F, Zhao D. Adv Mater, 2010, 22: 833–837

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Zang J, An T, Dong Y, Fang X, Zheng M, Dong Q, Zheng N. Nano Res, 2015, 8: 2663–2675

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Bin DS, Li Y, Sun YG, Duan SY, Lu Y, Ma J, Cao AM, Hu YS, Wan LJ. Adv Energy Mater, 2018, 8: 1800855

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Zhang S, Sun HJ, Hughes AD, Moussodia RO, Bertin A, Chen Y, Pochan DJ, Heiney PA, Klein ML, Percec V. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2014, 111: 9058–9063

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Jang JY, Le TMD, Ko JH, Ko YJ, Lee SM, Kim HJ, Jeong JH, Thambi T, Lee DS, Son SU. Chem Mater, 2018, 31: 300–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Dai C, Zhang A, Liu M, Guo X, Song C. Adv Funct Mater, 2015, 25: 7479–7487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Liu W, Huang J, Yang Q, Wang S, Sun X, Zhang W, Liu J, Huo F. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 5512–5516

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Liu XY, Zhang F, Goh TW, Li Y, Shao YC, Luo L, Huang W, Long YT, Chou LY, Tsung CK. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2018, 57: 2110–2114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Yang M, Ma J, Niu Z, Dong X, Xu H, Meng Z, Jin Z, Lu Y, Hu Z, Yang Z. Adv Funct Mater, 2005, 15: 1523–1528

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yang Q. J Catal, 2014, 320: 180–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Han L, Liu R, Li C, Li H, Li C, Zhang G, Yao J. J Mater Chem, 2012, 22: 17079–17085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Zhang H, Zhu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao L, Yu B. Adv Funct Mater, 2007, 17: 2766–2771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Mao D, Wan J, Wang J, Wang D. Adv Mater, 2019, 31: 1802874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Wang L, Wan J, Wang J, Wang D. Small Struct, 2021, 2: 2000041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Wang L, Wan J, Zhao Y, Yang N, Wang D. J Am Chem Soc, 2019, 141: 2238–2241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Enders D, Hüttl MRM, Grondal C, Raabe G. Nature, 2006, 441: 861–863

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Wang H, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Shao C, Bian F, Zhao Y. Sci Adv, 2018, 4: eaat2816

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  122. Wei Y, Wan J, Yang N, Yang Y, Ma Y, Wang S, Wang J, Yu R, Gu L, Wang L, Wang L, Huang W, Wang D. Natl Sci Rev, 2020, 7: 1638–1646

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  123. Yang Y, Lu Y, Abbaraju PL, Zhang J, Zhang M, Xiang G, Yu C. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 8446–8450

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Teng Z, Su X, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wang S, Wu J, Chen G, Wang J, Zhao D, Lu G. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 7935–7944

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Wu L, Zhang H, Wu M, Zhong Y, Liu X, Jiao Z. Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 2016, 228: 318–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Ma X, Zhang X, Yang L, Wang G, Jiang K, Wu G, Cui W, Wei Z. Nanoscale, 2016, 8: 8687–8695

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Zhao D, Yang N, Wei Y, Jin Q, Wang Y, He H, Yang Y, Han B, Zhang S, Wang D. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 4450

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  128. Wang S, Huang P, Chen X. Adv Mater, 2016, 28: 7340–7364

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21820102002, 21931012).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dan Wang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, J., Wang, Z., Mao, D. et al. The development of hollow multishelled structure: from the innovation of synthetic method to the discovery of new characteristics. Sci. China Chem. 65, 7–19 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-021-1097-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-021-1097-9

Keywords

Navigation