Abstract
The observed Mars remnant magnetism suggests that there was an active dynamo in the Martian core. We use the MoSST core dynamics model to simulate the Martian historical dynamo, focusing on the variation of the dynamo states with the Rayleigh number Ra (a non-dimensional parameter describing the buoyancy force in the core). Our numerical results show that the mean field length scale does not vary monotonically with the Rayleigh number, and the field morphology at the core mantle boundary changes with Rayleigh number. In particular, it drifts westward with a speed decreasing with Rayleigh number.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cisowski S M. Magnetic studies of Shergotty and other SNC meteorites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 1985, 50: 1043–1048
Curtis S A, Ness N F. Remanent magnetism at Mars. Geophys Res Lett, 1988, 15(8): 737–739
Leweling M, Spohn T. Mars: A magnetic field due to themoremanence. Planet Space Sci, 1997, 45: 1389–1400
Acunä M H, Connerney J E P, Wasilewskit P, et al. The Mars observer magnetic fields investigation. J Geophys Res, 1992, 97: 7799–7814
Acunä M H, Connerney J E P, Wasilewsk P, et al. Magnetic field of Mars: Summary of results from the aerobraking and mapping orbits. J Geophys Res, 2001, 106(10): 23403–23417
Acunä M H, Connerney J E P, Wasilewsk P, et al. Magnetic field and plasma observations at Mars: Initial results of the Mars Global Surveyor mission. Science, 1998, 279: 1676–1680
Acunä M H, Connerney J E P, Ness N F, et al. Global distribution of crustal magnetization discovered by the Mars Global Surveyor MAG/ER experiment. Science, 1999, 284: 790–793
Connerney J E P, Acunä M H, Wasilewski P J, et al. Magnetic lineations in the ancient crust of Mars. Science, 1999, 284: 794–798
Langel R A, Phillips J D, Horner R J. Initial scalar magnetic anomaly map from Magsat. Geophys Res Lett, 1982, 9: 269–272
Purucker M D, Ravat T J, Sabaka C, et al. An altitude-normalized magnetic map of Mars and its interpretation. Geophys Res Lett, 2000, 27: 2449–2452
Purucker M, Clark D. Exploration geophysics on Mars: Lessons from magnetics. Leading Edge, 2000, 19: 484–487
Purucker M, Langlais B, Mandea M. Interpretation of a magnetic map of the Valles Marineris region. Mars, Extended Abstract from the 32nd Lunar and Planetary Conference, Houston, Texas, 2001
Larmor J. How could a rotating body such as the Sun become a magnet. Rep Br Assoc Adv Sci, 1919, 159–160
Merrill R T, McElhinney M W, McFadden P L. The Magnetic Field of the Earth. New York: Academic Press, 1998
Elasser W M. Induction effects in terrestrial magnetism. Theory Phys Rev, 1946, 69: 106–116
Bullard E C, Gellman H. Homogeneous dynamo and terrestrial magnetism. Phil Trans R Soc Lond, 1954, 247: 213–279
Schubert G, Russell C T, Moore W B. Timing of the Martian dynamo. Nature, 2000, 408: 666–667
Busse F H. Homogeneous dynamos in planetary cores and in the laboratory. Annu Rev Fluid Mech, 2000, 32: 383–408
Roberts P H, Glatzmaier G A. Geodynamo theory and simulations. Rev Mod Phys, 2000, 72: 1081–1123
Xu W Y. Laboratory experiments on geodynamo. Prog Geophys, 2005, 9: 698–704
Cowling T G. The magnetic field of sunspots. Mort Not R Astron Soc, 1934, 94: 39–48
Kuang W J, Bloxham J. Numerical dynamo model in an Earth-like dynamical regime. Nature, 1997, 389: 371–374
Kuang W J, Chao B F. Topographic core-mantle coupling in geodynamo modeling. Geophys Res Lett, 2001, 28(9): 1871–1874
Kuang W J. Force balances and convective state in the Earth’s core. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 1999, 116: 65–79
Kuang W J, Bloxham J. Numerical modeling of magnetiohydrodynamic convection in a rapidly rotating spherical shell: Weak and strong field dynamo action. J Comp Phys, 1999, 153: 51–81
Kuang W J, Bloxham J. On the dynamics of topographical core-mantle coupling. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 1997, 99: 289–294
Glatzmaier G A, Roberts P H. A three dimensional self-consistent computer simulation of a geomagnetic field reversal. Nature, 1995, 377: 203–209
Glatzmaier G A, Roberts P H. three-dimensional convective dynamo solution with rotating and finitely conducting inner core and mantle. Phys Earth Planets Inter, 1995, 91: 63–75
Glatzmaier G A, Roberts P H. An anelastic evolutionary geodynamo simulation driven by compositional and thermal convection. Physica D, 1996, 97: 81–94
Stevenson D J. Mars’ core and magnetism. Nature, 2001, 412: 214–219
Righter K, Hervig R L, Kring D A. Accretion and core formation on Mars: Molybdenum contents of melt inclusion glasses in three SNC meteorites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 1998, 62: 2167–2177
Lee D C, Halliday A N. Core formation on Mars and differentiated asteroids. Nature, 1997, 388: 854–857
Yoder C F, Konopliv A S, Yuan D N, et al. Fluid core size of Mars from detection of the solar tide. Science, 2003, 300: 299–303
Kuang W, Jiang W. Numerical simulation of Historical Martian Dynamo: Onset and Annihilation of the Dynamo Action. 38th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Texas. LPI contribution No 1338, 2007. 2212
Chandrasekhar S. Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability. New York: Dover, 1981
Greenspan H P. The Theory of Rotating Fluids. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968
Roberts P H, Soward A M, eds. Magnetoconvection in a rapidly rotating fluid. In: Rotating Fluids in Geophysics. London: Academic Press, 1978. 421–435
Jault D. Model z by computation and Taylor’s condition. Geophys Astrophys Fluid Dyn, 1995, 79: 99–124
Taylor J B. The magnetohydrodynamics of a rotating fluid and the Earth’s dynamo problem. Proc R Soc London Ser A-Math Phys Eng Sci, 1963, 274: 274–283
Fautrelle Y, Childress S. Convective dynamos with intermediate and strong fields. Geophys Astrophys Fluid Dyn, 1982, 22: 235–279
Williams J P, Nimmo F. Thermal evolution of the Martian core: Implications for an early dynamo. Geology, 2004, 32: 97–100
Bullard E C, Freedman C H, et al. The westward drift of the Earth’s magnetic field. Phil Trans R Soc Lond, 1950, 243: 67–92
Shi R P, Pan Y X, Zhu R X. New Cretaceous Palaeointensity data and constrains on geodynamic. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci, 2002, 45(10): 931–938
Choblet G, Sotin C. Early transient cooling of Mars. Geophys Res Lett, 2001, 28: 3035–3038
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40328006)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, T., Kuang, W. & Ma, S. Numerical simulation of Martian historical dynamo: Impact of the Rayleigh number on the dynamo state. Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. 52, 402–410 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0034-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0034-y