Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation of the acoustic emission characteristics of artificial saw-tooth joints under shearing condition

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Acta Geotechnica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Shear failure of rockmass along a weak plane occurs frequently in rock slopes and in underground tunnels. To study the shear behaviour and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of joints under different experimental conditions (asperity height, shear rate, and normal load), irregular artificial saw-tooth joints with different asperity heights were sheared in the laboratory, and the AE signals were detected and analysed. The results demonstrated that the strength of the joints increased with increases in normal load and asperity height, while the strength of the joints first increased and then decreased when the shear rate was elevated. The ideal curve of the cumulative hits could be divided into a quiet period, a slow rise period, and a sharp growth period, which could be used to monitor and predict the potential shear failure of the joints. The higher the asperity was, the higher the peak energy rate and the lower the peak hit rate, and cumulative hits at failure were because of differences in asperity size and number. The peak hit rate and cumulative energy tended to increase gradually with the decrease in shear rate, and the minimum peak hit rate and energy rate at failure were both attained at the maximum shear rate. In addition, curves of the energy rate and hit rate showed large fluctuations at higher shear rates. The peak energy rate and cumulative energy under low normal stress could be greater than the peak energy rate and cumulative energy under high normal stress, and the peak hit rate and cumulative hit number under high normal stress could be larger than that of under low normal stress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Atapour H, Moosavi M (2013) The influence of shearing velocity on shear behavior of artificial joints. Rock Mech Rock Eng. doi:10.1007/s00603-013-0481-9

    Google Scholar 

  2. Backers T, Stanchits S, Dresen G (2005) Tensile fracture propagation and acoustic emission activity in sandstone: the effect of loading rate. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 42(7):1094–1101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bandis SC, Lumsden AC, Barton NR (1981) Experimental studies of scale effects on the shear behaviour of rock joints. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 18(1):1–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bandis SC, Lumsden AC, Barton NR (1983) Fundamentals of rock joint deformation. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 20(6):249–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Barton N, Choubey V (1977) The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice. Rock Mech 10(1–2):1–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Benmokrane B, Mouchaorab KS, Ballivy G (1994) Laboratory investigation of shaft resistance of rock-socketed piers using the constant normal stiffness direct shear test. Can Geotech J 31(3):407–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Cai M, Kaiser PK, Morioka H, Minami M, Maejima T, Tasaka Y, Kurose H (2007) FLAC/PFC coupled numerical simulation of AE in large-scale underground excavations. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44(4):550–564

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cai M, Kaiser PK, Tasaka Y, Maejima T, Morioka H, Minami M (2004) Generalized crack initiation and crack damage stress thresholds of brittle rock masses near underground excavations. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41(5):833–847

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chang SH, Lee CI (2004) Estimation of cracking and damage mechanisms in rock under triaxial compression by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41(7):1069–1086

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cheon DS, Jung YB, Park ES, Song WK, Jang HI (2011) Evaluation of damage level for rock slopes using acoustic emission technique with waveguides. Eng Geol 121(1):75–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Crawford AM, Curran JH (1981) The influence of shearing velocity on the frictional resistance of rock discontinuities. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 18:505–515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Crawford AM, Curran JH (1981b) Rate-dependent behaviour of rock joints Black quartz syenite. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on weak rock, Tokyo

  13. Eberhardt E, Stead D, Stimpson B, Read RS (1998) Identifying crack initiation and propagation thresholds in brittle rock. Can Geotech J 35(2):222–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Eberhardt E, Stead D, Stimpson B (1999) Quantifying progressive pre-peak brittle fracture damage in rock during uniaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36(3):361–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Fan L, Zhou HM, Xiong SH (2012) Acoustic emission characteristics and failure mechanism of rock mass in field shear test. J Yangtze River Sci Res Inst 29(8):29–32 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Grasselli G, Egger P (2003) Constitutive law for the shear strength of rock joints based on three-dimensional surface parameters. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 40(1):25–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Grasselli G, Wirth J, Egger P (2002) Quantitative three-dimensional description of a rough surface and parameter evolution with shearing. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 9(6):789–800

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. He MC, Miao JL, Feng JL (2010) Rock burst process of limestone and its acoustic emission characteristics under true-triaxial unloading conditions. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47(2):286–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hong C, Seokwon J (2004) Influence of shear load on the characteristics of acoustic emission of rock–concrete interface. Key Eng Mater 270–273:1598–1603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Huang TH, Chang CS, Chao CY (2002) Experimental and mathematical modeling for fracture of rock joint with regular asperities. Eng Fract Mech 69(17):1977–1996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hutson RW, Dowding CH (1990) Joint asperity degradation during cyclic shear. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 27(2):109–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Indraratna B, Haque A (1997) Experimental study of shear behavior of rock joints under constant normal stiffness conditions. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 34(3): 141. e1–e141. e14

  23. Ishida T, Kanagawa T, Kanaori Y (2010) Source distribution of acoustic emissions during an in situ direct shear test: implications for an analog model of seismogenic faulting in an inhomogeneous rock mass. Eng Geol 110(3):66–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Jiang Y, Xiao J, Tanabashi Y, Mizokamib T (2004) Development of an automated servo-controlled direct shear apparatus applying a constant normal stiffness condition. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41(2):275–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Jing L, Stephansson O, Nordlund E (1993) Study of rock joints under cyclic loading conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng 26(3):215–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Johansson F, Stille H (2014) A conceptual model for the peak shear strength of fresh and unweathered rock joints. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 69:31–38

    Google Scholar 

  27. Johnston IW, Lam TS (1989) Shear behavior of regular triangular concrete/rock joints-analysis. J Geotech Eng 115(5):711–727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Johnston IW, Lam TS, Williams AF (1987) Constant normal stiffness direct shear testing for socketed pile design in weak rock. Geotechnique 37(1):83–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kodikara JK, Johnston IW (1994) Shear behaviour of irregular triangular rock-concrete joints. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 31(4):313–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Koerner RM, McCabe WM, Lord AE Jr (1981) Overview of acoustic emission monitoring of rock structures. Rock Mech 14(1):27–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kwasniewski MA, Wang JA (1997) Surface roughness evolution and mechanical behavior of rock joints under shear. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 34(3–4):157.e1–157.e14

    Google Scholar 

  32. Li C, Nordlund E (1990) Characteristics of acoustic emissions during shearing of rock joints. In: Barton N, Stephansson O (eds) Proceedings of first international symposium on rock joints. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 251–258

    Google Scholar 

  33. Li XM, Huang BX, Liu CY, Wang X, Liu F (2010) Study on acoustic emission characteristics of mould coal under compression-shear conditions. J Hunan Univ Sci Tech (Nat Sci) 25(1):22–26 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lockner D (1993) The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 30(7):883–899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Moradian ZA, Ballivy G, Rivard P (2012) Correlating acoustic emission sources with damaged zones during direct shear test of rock joints. Can Geotech J 49(6):710–718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Moradian ZA, Ballivy G, Rivard P (2012) Application of acoustic emission for monitoring shear behavior of bonded concrete–rock joints under direct shear test. Can J Civil Eng 39(8):887–896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Moradian ZA, Ballivy G, Rivard P, Gravel C, Rousseau B (2010) Evaluating damage during shear tests of rock joints using acoustic emission. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47(4):590–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Nie BS, He XQ, Wang EY, Dou LM, Liu ZT, Sa ZY (2002) Study on electromagnetic radiation and acoustic emission in shearing process of coal. J China Univ Min Tech 31(6):609–611 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ooi LH, Carter JP (1987) A constant normal stiffness direct shear device for static and cyclic loading. ASTM Geotech Test J 10(1):3–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Patton FD (1966) Multiple modes of shear failure in rock. In: Proceedings of the 1st international congress of rock mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal, pp 509–513

  41. Reeves MJ (1985) Rock surface roughness and frictional strength. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 22(6):429–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Rim HR, Choi HJ, Son BK, Lee CI, Song JJ (2005) Experimental study for shear behaviour of pseudo rock joint under constant normal stiffness condition. In: Proceedings of the 31st ITA-AITES world tunnel congress on underground space use, Istanbul, pp 175–181

  43. Seidel JP, Haberfield CM (2002) A theoretical model for rock joints subjected to constant normal stiffness direct shear. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 39(5):539–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Son BK, Lee CI, Park YJ, Lee UK (2006) Effect of boundary conditions on shear behaviour of rock joints around tunnel. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 21(3):347–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Wang H, Ge M (2008) Acoustic emission/microseismic source location analysis for a limestone mine exhibiting high horizontal stresses. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 45(5):720–728

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  46. Xia CC, Tang ZC, Xiao WM, Song YL (2014) New peak shear strength criterion of rock joints based on quantified surface description. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47:387–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Xu J, Liu YX, Wu H, Gao J, Lu LF (2013) Research on microscopic failure and acoustic emission characteristics of rock under shear load. Min Saf Environ Prot 40(1):12–16 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Yamada I, Masuda K, Mizutani H (1989) Electromagnetic and acoustic emission associated with rock fracture. Phys Earth Planet Inter 57(1):157–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Yang ZY, Di CC, Yen KC (2001) The effect of asperity order on the roughness of rock joints. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 38(5):745–752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Yang ZY, Chiang DY (2000) An experimental study on the progressive shear behavior of rock joints with tooth-shaped asperities. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 37(8):1247–1259

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Financial supports from The National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China under Grant No. 2014CB046902, and from the National Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 51279201 and 41172288, are gratefully acknowledged. The work in this paper was also supported by an important project (for youth talent) of the CAS (Chinese Academy of Science) Knowledge Innovation Programme (No. KZCX2-EW-QN115) and a project of CAS Technology Innovation “Hybrid and Cooperation Team” (2012 No. 119).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China

    Hui Zhou, Fanzhen Meng, Chuanqing Zhang, Dawei Hu, Jingjing Lu & Rongchao Xu

Authors
  1. Hui Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fanzhen Meng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chuanqing Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dawei Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jingjing Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rongchao Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fanzhen Meng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhou, H., Meng, F., Zhang, C. et al. Investigation of the acoustic emission characteristics of artificial saw-tooth joints under shearing condition. Acta Geotech. 11, 925–939 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-014-0359-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-014-0359-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation