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Effectiveness of deep cement mixing walls with top-down construction for deep excavations in soft clay: case study and 3D simulation

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This paper presents the observed and simulated effectiveness of deep cement mixing walls created using top-down (DCM-TD) construction techniques for a deep excavation in soft Bangkok clay. The wall system consisted of four rows of 0.7-m-diameter DCM columns, and the bracing system consisted of two 0.25-m-thick basement slabs and seven temporary struts. The effectiveness of the wall system compared to that of other wall systems was evaluated using the measured results of previous case studies. A 3D numerical analysis was performed to calculate forces in the basement slabs and bending moments in the DCM wall. Finally, series of parametric analyses of both DCM-TD and deep cement mixing walls created using bottom-up (DCM-BU) construction techniques were carried out, and their results were compared to highlight the effectiveness of DCM-TD and its applicability to excavations at greater depths. The field and numerical results show that DCM-TD is more effective than DCM-BU in terms of the limitations of lateral wall movement, the bending moment in a DCM wall and the thickness of a DCM wall for various depths because of a larger system stiffness. Therefore, DCM-TD is very effective and suitable for use in potential future deep excavations in urban areas.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok under Contract No. KMUTNB-GOV-59-03. The authors also extend their appreciation to the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under Basic Research Grant No. BRG6080011.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Soil Engineering Research Center, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand

    Pitthaya Jamsawang

  2. Department of Teacher Training in Civil Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand

    Panich Voottipruex

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

    Pornpot Tanseng

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand

    Pornkasem Jongpradist

  5. School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Nueng, Thailand

    Dennes T. Bergado

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  1. Pitthaya Jamsawang
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Correspondence to Pitthaya Jamsawang.

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Appendix: Creep effect on lateral wall movements

Appendix: Creep effect on lateral wall movements

Figure 23 shows the creep effect on the lateral movements of the walls associated with I1 and I2 for excavation stages 7 and 9 and stages 4 and 6, respectively. As shown, the creep effect is insignificant for this project.

Fig. 23
figure 23

Creep effect on the lateral movements of the walls

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Jamsawang, P., Voottipruex, P., Tanseng, P. et al. Effectiveness of deep cement mixing walls with top-down construction for deep excavations in soft clay: case study and 3D simulation. Acta Geotech. 14, 225–246 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0660-7

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