Abstract
The novel solid polymeric nanocomposite electrolytes (SPNEs) consisted of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend with lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) as ionic salt and montmorillonite (MMT) clay as inorganic nanofiller have been prepared by classical solution cast, ultrasonic assisted, microwave irradiated and ultrasonicated followed by microwave-irradiated solution cast melt-pressed methods. The X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the amorphous phase of PEO–PMMA blend and the exfoliated/intercalated MMT structures in the electrolytes vary significantly with MMT concentration and the sample preparation methods. The complex dielectric function, electrical conductivity, electric modulus and impedance spectra of these materials have been investigated over the frequency range 20 Hz–1 MHz. It is observed that the microwave-irradiated prepared electrolytes have relatively high ionic conductivity. The conductivity values confirm their correlation with the dielectric strength and the relaxation times, and suggest the suitability of these electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries and electrochromic devices.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gray FM (1991) Solid polymer electrolytes: fundamental and technological applications. VCH, New York
Dias FB, Plomp L, Veldhuis JBJ (2000) J Power Sources 88:169–191
Croce F, Appetecchi GB, Persi L, Scrosati B (1998) Nature 394:456–458
Prasanth R, Aravindan V, Srinivasan M (2012) J Power Sources 202:299–307
Wang YJ, Pan Y, Kim D (2007) Polym Int 56:381–388
Kweon JO, Noh ST (2001) J Appl Polym Sci 81:2471–2479
Stephan AM, Kumar TP, Thomas S, Thomas PS, Bongiovanni R, Nair JR, Angulakshmi N (2012) J Appl Polym Sci 124:3245–3254
Maccallum JR, Tomlin AS, Tunstall DP, Vincent CA (1988) Br Polym J 20:203–206
Ratna D, Divekar S, Patchaiappan S, Samui AB, Chakraborty BC (2007) Polym Int 56:900–904
Gondaliya N, Kanchan DK, Sharma P, Joge P (2012) J Appl Polym Sci 125:1513–1520
Ramesh S, Liew CW, Ramesh K (2013) J Appl Polym Sci 127:2380–2388
Sharma P, Kanchan DK (2014) Polym Int 63:290–295
Aravindan V, Vickraman P, Krishnaraj K (2008) Polym Int 57:932–938
Uğur MH, Toker RD, Apohan NK, Güngör A (2014) Express Polym Lett 8:123–132
Agrawal RC, Pandey GP (2008) J Phys D Appl Phys 41:223001
Kumar Y, Hashmi SA, Pandey GP (2011) Solid State Ionics 201:73–80
Karmakar A, Ghosh A (2012) Curr Appl Phys 12:539–543
Choudhary S, Sengwa RJ (2013) Mater Chem Phys 142:172–181
Scrosati B, Garche J (2010) J Power Sources 195:2419–2430
Syzdek J, Armand M, Marcinek M, Zalewska A, Żukowska G, Wieczorek W (2010) Electrochim Acta 55:1314–1322
Mohapatra SR, Thakur AK, Choudhary RNP (2009) J Power Sources 191:601–613
Choudhary S, Sengwa RJ (2011) Ionics 17:811–819
Sengwa RJ, Sankhla S, Choudhary S (2010) Ionics 16:697–707
Köster TKJ, Wullen LV (2010) Solid State Ionics 181:489–495
Fenton DE, Parker JM, Wright PV (1973) Polymer 14:589
Armand MB, Chabagno JM, Duclot MJ (1979) In: Vashista P, Mundy JN, Shenoy GK (eds) Fast ion transport in solids. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 131–136
Kronfli E, Lovell KV, Hooper A, Neat RJ (1988) Br Polym J 20:275–280
Choudhary S, Sengwa RJ (2012) Ionics 18:379–384
Choudhary S, Bald A, Sengwa RJ (2013) Indian J Pure Appl Phys 51:769–779
Deka M, Kumar A (2013) J Solid State Electrochem 17:977–986
Karmakar A, Ghosh A (2010) J Appl Phys 107:104113 (1–6)
Ahmad A, Rahman MYA, Su′ait MS (2012) J Appl Polym Sci 124:4222–4229
Choi YS, Bae YC, Sun YK (2005) J Appl Polym Sci 98:2314–2319
Rajendran S, Kannan R, Mahendran O (2001) J Power Sources 96:406–410
Sharma P, Kanchan DK, Gondaliya N, Pant M, Jayswal MS (2013) Ionics 19:301–307
Ramesh S, Winie T, Arof AK (2007) Eur Polym J 43:1963–1968
Svanberg C, Adebahr J, Bergman R, Börjesson L, Scrosati B, Jacobsson P (2000) Solid State Ionics 136–137:1147–1152
Chen HW, Lin TP, Chang FC (2002) Polymer 43:5281–5288
Meneghetti P, Qutubuddin S, Webber A (2004) Electrochim Acta 49:4923–4931
Shukla N, Thakur AK (2009) Ionics 15:357–367
Shukla N, Thakur AK (2010) Solid State Ionics 181:921–932
Deka M, Kumar A (2010) Electrochim Acta 55:1836–1842
Ramesh S, Wong KC (2009) Ionics 15:249–254
Yap KS, Teo LP, Sim LN, Majid SR, Arof AK (2012) Physica B 407:2421–2428
Ahmad S, Saxena TK, Ahmad S, Agnihotry SA (2006) J Power Sources 159:205–209
Ali AMM, Yahya MZA, Bahron H, Subban RHY, Harun MK, Atan I (2007) Mater Lett 61:2026–2029
Ramesh S, Wen LC (2010) Ionics 16:255–262
Sengwa RJ, Choudhary S (2014) J Phys Chem Solids 75:765–774
Stephan AM, Renganathan NG, Kumar TP, Thirunakaran R, Pitchumani S, Shrisudersan J, Muniyandi N (2000) Solid State Ionics 130:123–132
Ramesh S, Liew CW (2013) Measurement 46:1650–1656
Rajendran S, Mahendran O, Kannan R (2002) Mater Chem Phys 74:52–57
Rajendran S, Sivakumar M, Subadevi R (2004) Mater Lett 58:641–649
Fan L, Nan CW, Dang Z (2002) Electrochim Acta 47:3541–3544
Kim S, Hwang EJ, Jung Y, Han M, Park SJ (2008) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 313–4:216–219
Chen HW, Chang FC (2001) Polymer 42:9763–9769
Choudhary S, Sengwa RJ (2011) Indian J Pure Appl Phys 49:600–605
Bergaya F, Theng BKG, Lagaly G (2006) Handbook of clay science. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Elmahdy MM, Chrissopoulou K, Afratis A, Floudas G, Anastasiadis SH (2006) Macromolecules 39:5170–5173
Miwa Y, Drews AR, Schlick S (2008) Macromolecules 41:4701–4708
Reinholdt MX, Kirkpatrick RJ, Pinnavaia TJ (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:16296–16303
Choudhary S, Sengwa RJ (2014) J Appl Polym Sci 131:39898
Zhu S, Chen J, Li H, Cao Y (2013) Appl Surf Sci 264:500–506
Aranda P, Mosqueda Y, Pérez-Cappe E, Ruiz-Hitzky E (2003) J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 41:3249–3263
Hikosaka MY, Pulcinelli SH, Santilli CV, Dahmouche K, Craievich AF (2006) J Non-Cryst Solids 352:3705–3710
Zhu J, Start P, Mauritz KA, Wilkie CA (2002) Polym Degrad Stab 77:253–258
Xu Y, Brittain WJ, Xue C, Eby RK (2004) Polymer 45:3735–3746
Wang HW, Shieh CF, Chang KC, Chu HC (2005) J Appl Polym Sci 97:2175–2181
Tsai TY, Lin MJ, Chang CW, Li CC (2010) J Phys Chem Solids 71:590–594
Kaya AU, Güner S, Esmer K (2014) J Appl Polym Sci 131:39907
Dionísio M, Fernandes AC, Mano JF, Correia NT, Sousa RC (2000) Macromolecules 33:1002–1011
Ngai KL, Roland CM (2004) Macromolecules 37:2817–2822
Jin X, Zhang S, Runt J (2004) Macromolecules 37:8110–8115
Liu J, Sakai VG, Maranas JK (2006) Macromolecules 39:2866–2874
Mpoukouvalas K, Floudas G (2008) Macromolecules 41:1552–1559
Chen C, Maranas JK (2009) Macromolecules 42:2795–2805
Shi W, Han CC (2012) Macromolecules 45:336–346
Suvorova AI, Hassanova AH, Tujkova IS (2000) Polym Int 49:1014–1016
Rajendran S, Mahendran O, Kannan R (2002) J Phys Chem Solids 63:303–307
Rajendran S, Mahendran O, Kannan R (2002) J Solid State Electrochem 6:560–564
Shanmukaraj D, Wang GX, Murugan R, Liu HK (2008) J Phys Chem Solids 69:243–248
Tan SM, Johan MR (2011) Ionics 17:485–490
Jeddi K, Qazvini NT, Jafari SH, Khonakdar HA (2010) J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 48:2065–2071
Jeddi K, Qazvini NT, Jafari SH, Khonakdar HA, Seyfi J, Reuter U (2011) J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 49:318–326
Ghelichi M, Qazvini NT, Jafari SA, Khonakdar HA, Farajollahi Y, Scheffler C (2013) J Appl Polym Sci 129:1868–1874
Sharma P, Kanchan DK (2013) Ionics 19:1285–1290
Pitawala HMJC, Dissanayake MAKL, Seneviratne VA, Mellander BE, Albinson I (2008) J Solid State Electrochem 12:783–789
Vickraman P, Aravindan V, Lee YS (2010) Ionics 16:263–267
MacCallum JR, Seth S (2000) Eur Polym J 36:2337–2341
Karan NK, Pradhan DK, Thomas R, Natesan B, Katiyar RS (2008) Solid State Ionics 179:689–696
Zhou X, Yin Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Huang H, Mansour AN, Zaykoski JA, Fedderly JJ, Balizer E (2011) Solid State Ionics 196:18–24
Johan MR, Shy OO, Ibrahim S, Yassin SMM, Hue TY (2011) Solid State Ionics 196:41–47
Appetecchi GB, Croce F, Persi L, Ronci F, Scrosati B (2000) Electrochim Acta 45:1481–1490
Frech R, Chintapalli S (1996) Solid State Ionics 85:61–66
Appetecchi GB, Croce F, Hassoun J, Scrosati B, Saloman M, Cassel F (2003) J Power Sources 114:105–112
Johan MR, Fen LB (2010) Ionics 16:335–338
Noor SAM, Ahmad A, Rahman MYA, Talib IA (2009) J Appl Polym Sci 113:855–859
Chen HW, Xu H, Huang CF, Chang FC (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 91:719–725
Sengwa RJ, Choudhary S, Sankhla S (2010) Compos Sci Technol 70:1621–1627
Osman Z, Isa KBM, Ahmad A, Othman L (2010) Ionics 16:431–435
Sapalidis AA, Katsaros FK, Steriotis TA, Kanellopoulos NK (2012) J Appl Polym Sci 123:1812–1821
Shen Z, Simon GP, Cheng YB (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 92:2101–2115
Chen W, Xu Q, Yuan RZ (2001) Compos Sci Technol 61:935–939
Kremer F, Schönhals A (2003) Broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
Dyre JC, Schrøder TB (2000) Rev Mod Phys 72:873–892
Ghosh A, Pan A (2000) Phys Rev Lett 84:2188–2190
Jonscher AK (1983) Dielectric relaxation in solids. Chelsea Dielectric Press, London
Popov II, Nigmatullin RR, Khamzin AA, Lounev IV (2012) J Appl Phys 112:094107
Sengwa RJ, Choudhary S (2014) Indian J Phys 88:461–470
Acknowledgments
Authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, for providing the experimental facilities through research projects nos. SR/S2/CMP-09/2002, SR/S2/CMP-0072/2010, and the DST–FIST program. One of the authors, SC, is thankful to the DST, New Delhi, for the award of SERB Fast Track Young Scientist research project no. SR/FTP/PS-013/2012.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sengwa, R.J., Choudhary, S. & Dhatarwal, P. Influences of ultrasonic- and microwave-irradiated preparation methods on the structural and dielectric properties of (PEO–PMMA)–LiCF3SO3–x wt% MMT nanocomposite electrolytes. Ionics 21, 95–109 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1170-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1170-8