Abstract
Blackbox optimization problems are often contaminated with numerical noise, and direct search methods such as the Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) algorithm may get stuck at solutions artificially created by the noise. We propose a way to smooth out the objective function of an unconstrained problem using previously evaluated function evaluations, rather than resampling points. The new algorithm, called Robust-MADS is applied to a collection of noisy analytical problems from the literature and on an optimization problem to tune the parameters of a trust-region method.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramson, M.A., Audet, C., Dennis Jr., J.E., Le Digabel, S.: OrthoMADS: a deterministic MADS instance with orthogonal directions. SIAM J. Optim. 20(2), 948–966 (2009)
Audet, C., Dennis Jr., J.E.: Analysis of generalized pattern searches. SIAM J. Optim. 13(3), 889–903 (2003)
Audet, C., Dennis Jr., J.E.: Mesh adaptive direct search algorithms for constrained optimization. SIAM J. Optim. 17(1), 188–217 (2006)
Audet, C., Dennis Jr., J.E.: A progressive barrier for derivative-free nonlinear programming. SIAM J. Optim. 20(1), 445–472 (2009)
Audet, C., Dennis Jr., J.E., Le Digabel, S.: Parallel space decomposition of the mesh adaptive direct search algorithm. SIAM J. Optim. 19(3), 1150–1170 (2008)
Audet, C., Ianni, A., Le Digabel, S., Tribes, C.: Reducing the number of function evaluations in Mesh Adaptive Direct Search algorithms. SIAM J. Optim. 24(2), 621–642 (2014)
Audet, C., Orban, D.: Finding optimal algorithmic parameters using derivative-free optimization. SIAM J. Optim. 17(3), 642–664 (2006)
Billups, S.C., Larson, J., Graf, P.: Derivative-free optimization of expensive functions with computational error using weighted regression. SIAM J. Optim. 23(1), 27–53 (2013)
Huyer, W., Neumaier, A.: SNOBFIT—stable noisy optimization by branch and fit. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 35(2), 9:1–9:25 (2008)
Chen, R., Menickelly, M., Scheinberg, K.: Stochastic optimization using a trust-region method and random models. Math. Program, 1–41 (2016)
Choi, T.D., Kelley, C.T.: Superlinear convergence and implicit filtering. SIAM J. Optim. 10(4), 1149–1162 (2000)
Deng, G., Ferris, M.C.: Adaptation of the UOBYQA algorithm for noisy functions. In: Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Winter Simulation, WSC ’06, pp. 312–319. Winter Simulation Conference (2006)
Yang, D., Flockton, S.J.: Evolutionary algorithms with a coarse-to-fine function smoothing. IEEE Int. Conf. Evol. Comput. 2, 657–662 (1995)
Elster, C., Neumaier, A.: A grid algorithm for bound constrained optimization of noisy functions. IMA J. Numer. Anal. 15(4), 585–608 (1995)
Epanechnikov, V.A.: Non-parametric estimation of a multivariate probability density. Theory Probab. Appl. 14(1), 153–158 (1969)
Gould, N.I.M., Orban, D., Toint, Ph.L.: CUTEst: a constrained and unconstrained testing environment with safe threads for mathematical optimization. Comput. Optim. Appl. 60(3), 545–557 (2015). https://ccpforge.cse.rl.ac.uk/gf/project/cutest/wiki
Jones, D.R., Perttunen, C.D., Stuckman, B.E.: Lipschitzian optimization without the Lipschitz constant. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 79(1), 157–181 (1993)
Kostrowicki, J., Piela, L., Cherayil, B.J., Scheraga, H.A.: Performance of the diffusion equation method in searches for optimum structures of clusters of Lennard–Jones atoms. J. Phys. Chem. 95(10), 4113–4119 (1991)
Larson, J., Billups, S.C.: Stochastic derivative-free optimization using a trust region framework. Comput. Optim. Appl. 64(3), 619–645 (2016)
Le Digabel, S.: Algorithm 909: NOMAD: nonlinear optimization with the MADS algorithm. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 37(4), 44:1–44:15 (2011)
Le Digabel, S., Wild, S.M.: A Taxonomy of Constraints in Simulation-Based Optimization. Technical Report G-2015-57, Les cahiers du GERAD (2015)
Li, J., Wu, C., Wu, Z., Long, Q.: Gradient-free method for nonsmooth distributed optimization. J. Global Optim. 61(2), 325–340 (2015)
Liu, Q., Zeng, J., Yang, G.: MrDIRECT: a multilevel robust DIRECT algorithm for global optimization problems. J. Global Optim. 62(2), 205–227 (2015)
Moré, J.J., Wild, S.M.: Benchmarking derivative-free optimization algorithms. SIAM J. Optim. 20(1), 172–191 (2009)
Powell, M.J.D.: UOBYQA: unconstrained optimization by quadratic approximation. Math. Program. 92(3), 555–582 (2002)
Selvan, S.E., Borckmans, P.B., Chattopadhyay, A., Absil, P.-A.: Spherical mesh adaptive direct search for separating quasi-uncorrelated sources by range-based independent component analysis. Neural Comput. 25(9), 2486–2522 (2013)
Shao, C.-S., Byrd, R.H., Eskow, E., Schnabel, R.B.: Global optimization for molecular clusters using a new smoothing approach. In: Biegler, L., Lorenz, T., Conn, A.R., Coleman, T.F., Santosa, F.N. (eds.) Large-Scale Optimization with Applications, Volume 94 of The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications, pp. 163–199. Springer, New York (1997)
Sriver, T.A., Chrissis, J.W., Abramson, M.A.: Pattern search ranking and selection algorithms for mixed variable simulation-based optimization. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 198(3), 878–890 (2009)
Van Dyke, B., Asaki, T.J.: Using QR decomposition to obtain a new instance of Mesh Adaptive Direct Search with uniformly distributed polling directions. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 159(3), 805–821 (2013)
Wei, F., Wang, Y., Meng, Z.: A smoothing function method with uniform design for global optimization. Pac. J. Optim. 10(2), 385–399 (2014)
Wu, Z.: The effective energy transformation scheme as a special continuation approach to global optimization with application to molecular conformation. SIAM J. Optim. 6(3), 748–768 (1996)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by FRQNT Grant 2015-PR-182098 and NSERC Grant RDCPJ 490744-15 in collaboration with Rio Tinto and Hydro-Québec.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Audet, C., Ihaddadene, A., Le Digabel, S. et al. Robust optimization of noisy blackbox problems using the Mesh Adaptive Direct Search algorithm. Optim Lett 12, 675–689 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-017-1226-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-017-1226-6