Abstract
The surface passivation mechanism of nanocrystalline silicon powder was studied. The liquid nitrogen/argon was used as the medium to prepare the nanocrystalline silicon powder, using a cryomilling technology. The X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, plasma emission spectroscopy and infrared spectrum were used to analyze the prepared samples, and density functional theory was used to investigate the cryomilling process. For nanocrystalline silicon powder cryomilled with liquid N2, the amorphous outer layer with N element is formed on the surface, and chemisorption caused by the formation of Si-N-Si bond leads to the surface passivation, although physisorption also be confirmed, the Si-N bond is steady after exploded in air for 30 days and no new bond is observed. For nanocrystalline silicon powder cryomilled with liquid Ar, no new chemical bond is observed, Ar element absorbs on the surface of the prepared powder only through physisorption, and after exploded in air for 30 days, a Si-O bond can be observed obviously.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S Ossicim, L Pavesi, F Priolo. Light Emitting Silicon for Microphotonics [M]. Heidelberg: Springer, 2003
V Švrček, A Slaoui, J C Muller. Silicon Nanocrystals as Light Converter for Solar Cells [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2004, 451-452: 384–388
A Tilke, L Pescini, A Erbe, et al. Electron-phonon Interaction in Suspended Highly Doped Silicon Nanowires [J]. Nanotechnology, 2002, 13(4): 491–494
J Sha, J Niu, X Ma, et al. Silicon Nanotubes [J]. Adv. Mater., 2002, 14(17): 1 219–1 221
O Sublemontier, F Lacour, Y Leconte, et al. CO2 Laser-driven Pyrolysis Synthesis of Silicon Nanocrystals and Applications[J]. J. Alloys Comp., 2009, 483(1–2): 499–502
K Brühne, M B Schubert, C Köhler, et al. Nanocrystalline Silicon from Hot-wire Deposition: a Photovoltaic Material [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2001, 395(1–2): 163–168
H Y Zhang, A X Wei, S H Liu, et al. The Preparation of Nanosized Silicon by Laser-induced Chemical Vapour Deposition [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2000, 368(2): 315–318
S Ishihara, H Suematsu, T Nakayama, et al. Nano-sized Particles Formed by Pulsed Discharge of Powders[J]. Mater. Lett., 2012, 67(1): 289–292
Z F Ding, B M Quinn, S K Haram, et al. Electrochemistry and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Silicon Nanocrystal Quantum Dots [J]. Science, 2002, 296(5 571): 1 293–1 297
M L Ostraat, W D Blauwe Jan, M L Green, et al. Ultraclean Twostage Aerosol Reactor for Production of Oxide-passivated Silicon Nanoparticles for Novel Memory Devices[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2001, 148(5): 265–270
R M Sankaran, D Holunga, R C Flagan, et al. Synthesis of Blue Luminescent Si Nanoparticles Using Atmospheric-pressure Microdischarges [J]. Nano. Lett., 2005, 5(3): 537–541
J D Holmes, K P Johnston, R C Doty, et al. Control of Thickness and Orientation of Solution-Grown Silicon Nanowires [J]. Science, 2000, 287(5 457): 1 471–1 473
N Herlin-Boime, K Jursikova, E Trave, et al. Laser-grown Silicon Nanoparticles and Photoluminescence Properties[J]. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 2004, 818: M13.4.1–M13.4.6
E Trave, V Bello, F Enrichi, et al. Towards Controllable Optical Properties of Silicon Based Nanoparticles for Applications in Optoelectronics [J]. Opt. Mater., 2005, 27(5): 1 014–1 019
X G Li, Y Q He, S S Talukdar, et al. Process for Preparing Macroscopic Quantities of Brightly Photoluminescent Silicon Nanoparticles with Emission Spanning the Visible Spectrum[J]. Langmuir, 2003, 19(20): 8 490–8 496
L Mangolini, D Jurbergs, E Rogojina, et al. High Efficiency Photoluminescence from Silicon Nanocrystals Prepared by Plasma Synthesis and Organic Surface Passivation [J]. Phys. Stat. Sol. C, 2006, 3(11): 3 975–3 978
X G Li, Y Q He, M T Swihart. Surface Functionalization of Silicon Nanoparticles Produced by Laser-driven Pyrolysis of Silane Followed by HF-HNO3 Etching [J]. Langmuir, 2004, 20(11): 4 720–4 727
W F Yu, H Huang, F D Nie, et al. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Explosion Phenomena of Nanostructure Porous Silicon Composite [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2004, 12: 476–482.
G B Li, F L Zhang, H J Chen, et al. Surface Passivation of Lightemitting Porous Silicon by Nitride [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 1996, 45(7): 1 232–1 238
F Zhou, J Lee, S Dallek, et al. High Grain Size Stability of Nanocrystalline Al Prepared by Mechanical Attrition [J]. J. Mater. Res., 2001, 16(12): 3 451–3 458
E J Lavernia, B Q Han, J M Schoenung. Cryomilled Nanostructured Materials: Processing and Properties [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, 493(1–2): 207–214
J A Picas, A Forn, L Ajdelsztajn, et al. Nanocrystalline NiCrAlY Powder Synthesis by Mechanical Cryomilling [J]. Powder Technol., 2004, 148(1): 20–23
O Ertorer, T Topping, Y Li, et al. Enhanced Tensile Strength and High Ductility in Cryomilled Commercially Pure Titanium [J]. Scr. Mater., 2009, 60(7): 586–589
D B Witkin, E J Lavernia. Synthesis and Mechanical Behavior of Nanostructured Materials via Cryomilling [J]. Proc. Mater. Sci., 2006, 51(1): 1–60
B J Delley. From Molecules to Solids with the DMol3 Approach [J]. J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 113: 7 756–7 764
B Hammer, L B Hansen, J K Nørskov. Improved Adsorption Energetics Within Density-functional Theory Using Revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerh of Functionals [J]. Phys. Rev. B, 1999, 59(11): 7 413–7 421
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51202171), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20120143120004) and the “111” Project (No. B13035)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Z., Huang, Z., Chen, F. et al. Surface passivation of nanocrystalline silicon powder derived from cryomilling. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 29, 65–69 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-014-0868-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-014-0868-9