Modeling the Flow Curve Characteristics of 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel Under Hot Working Condition

The hot deformation behavior of AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel was investigated by conducting hot compression tests between 1173 K (900 °C) and 1423 K (1150 °C) and between strain rates of 0.001 s⁻¹ to 1 s⁻¹. The hyperbolic sine function described the relation well between flow stress at a given strain and the Zener–Hollomon parameter (Z). The variation of flow stress with deformation temperature gave the average value of apparent activation energy as 448 kJ/mol. The strain and stress corresponding to two important points associated with flow curve (i.e., peak strain and the onset of steady-state flow) were related to the Z parameter using power-law equations. A model also was proposed based on the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation to estimate the fractional softening of dynamic recrystallization at any given strain. This model can be used readily for the prediction of flow stress. The values of n and k, material constants in the JMAK equation, were determined for the studied material. The strains regarding the peak and the onset of steady-state flow were formulated in term of applied strain rate and the constants of the JMAK equation. A good agreement was found between the predicted strains and those obtained by the experimental work.