Abstract
Physical-chemical analysis apparatuses, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive analysis (EDX) were employed in constructing the isothermal section of the Al-Cr-Gd system at 773 K for the first time. The existence of 10 binary compounds (i.e., Al7Cr, Al4Cr, α-Al9Cr4, α-Al8Cr5, AlCr2, Al3Gd, Al2Gd, AlGd, Al2Gd3 and AlGd2) and three ternary compounds (i.e., Al43Cr4Gd6, Al20Cr2Gd and Al8Cr4Gd) were confirmed. The isothermal section consists of 16 single-phase regions, 18 two-phase regions and 16 three-phase regions. The maximum homogeneity ranges of Al7Cr,Al4Cr, α-Al9Cr4, α-Al8Cr5 and AlCr2 were determined to be 13-14, 19-21, 30-34, 34-42 and 62-71 at.% Cr, respectively. The homogeneity range of Cr in the binary Al-Cr system ranges from 0 to 20 at.% at 773 K. No detectable solubility can be found in the other phases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G.S. Frankel, M.A. Russak, and C.V. Jahnes, Pitting of Sputtered Aluminum Alloy Thin Films, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1989, 136, p 1243-1244
P.M. Natishan, E. McCafferty, and G.K. Hubler, Localized Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Surface Alloys Produced by Ion Implantation and Ion Beam Mixing, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1989, 116, p 41-46
Q. Yan, H. Yoshioka, and H. Habazaki, The Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Sputter-Deposited Amorphous Al-Ti Alloys in a Neutral Chloride-Containing Solution, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1990, 125, p 25-31
H. Yoshioka, H. Habazaki, and A. Kawashima, Anodic Polarization Behaviour of Sputter-Deposited Al-Zr Alloys in a Neutral Chloride-Containing Buffer Solution, Electrochim. Acta, 1991, 36, p 1227-1233
R. Lundin and J.R. Wilson, Rare Earth Metals, Adv. Mater Process., 2000, 158, p 52-55
D.H. Ping, K. Hono, and A. Inoue, Microstructural Characterization of a Rapidly Solidified Ultrahigh Strength Al94.5Cr3Co1.5Ce1 Alloy, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2000, 31, p 607-614
J.L. Murray, The Al-Cr (Aluminum-Chromium) System, J. Phase Equilib., 1998, 19, p 367-375
T. Helander and O. Tolochko, An Experimental Investigation of Possible B2-Ordering in the Al-Cr System, J. Phase Equilib., 1999, 20, p 57-60
K. Mahdouk and J.C. Gachon, Thermodynamic Investigation of the Aluminum-Chromium System, J. Phase Equilib., 2000, 21, p 157-166
Y. Du, J.C. Schuster, and Y.A. Chang, Experimental Identification of the Degenerated Equilibrium in Extreme Al End of the Al-Cr System, J. Mater. Sci., 2005, 40, p 1023-1025
H. Okamoto, Al-Cr (Aluminum-Chromium), J. Phase Equilib., 2008, 29, p 112-113
B. Grushko, B. Przepiorzynski, and D. Pavlyuchkov, On the Constitution of the High-Al Region of the Al-Cr Alloy System, J. Alloys Compd., 2008, 454, p 214-220
K.H.J. Buschow, Phase Relations and Intermetallic Compounds in the Systems Neodymium-Aluminium and Gadolinium-Aluminium, J. Less-Common Met., 1965, 9, p 452-456
K.H.J. Buschow and J.H.N. Vanvucht, Systematic Arrangement of the Binary Rare-Earth-Aluminium Systems, Philips Res. Rep., 1967, 22, p 233-245
O.J.C. Runnalls and R.R. Boucher, Phase Equilibria in Aluminium-Rich Alloys of Aluminium-Gadolinium and Aluminium-Terbium, J. Less-Common Met., 1967, 13, p 431-442
K.A. Gschneidner and F.W. Calderwood, The Al-Re (Aluminum-Rare Earth) Systems, J. Phase Equilib., 1988, 9, p 658-668
H. Okamoto, Al-Gd (Aluminum-Gadolinium), J. Phase Equilib., 2002, 23, p 380
M. Copeland and H. Kato, Rare Earths Research, Science Publishers, New York, 1962, p 133-141
R.P. Elliott, Constitution of Binary Alloys, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1965
H. Zhou, Y. Zhan, and J. Yan, Phase Relationship in the Gd-Ti-Al Ternary System at 500 °C, J. Mater. Sci., 2002, 37, p 1203-1205
V. Raghavan, Al-Cr-Sc (Aluminum-Chromium-Scandium), J. Phase Equilib., 2007, 28, p 544-546
B.Y. Kotur and E. Gratz, Chapter 175 Scandium Alloy Systems and Intermetallics, Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, vol. 27, 1999, p 339-533
J.C. Zhao, M.R. Jackson, and L.A. Peluso, Evaluation of Phase Relations in the Nb-Cr-Al System at 1000 °C Using a Diffusion-Multiple Approach, J. Phase. Equilib., 2004, 25, p 152-159
A.J. Bradley and S.S. Lu, An X-Ray Study of the Chromium-Aluminium Equilibrium Diagram, J. Inst. Met., 1937, 60, p 319-337
G.V. Raynor and K. Little, The Constitution of the Al-Rich Al-Cr Alloys, J. Inst. Met., 1945, 71, p 481-489
T.B. Massalski, H. Okamoto, and P.R. Subramanian, Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990
W. Köster, E. Wachtel, and K. Grube, Aufbau und Magnetische Eigenschaften der Aluminium-Chrom-Legierungen, Z. Metallkd., 1963, 54, p 393-401 (in German)
F. Weitzer, H. Chen, and Y. Du, The Crystal Structure of a New Triclinic Ternary Phase: t3-Cr4(Al, Si)11, Intermetallics, 2006, 14, p 224-226
M. Audier, M. Durand-Charre, and E. Laclau, Phase Equilibria in the Al-Cr System, J. Alloys Compd., 1995, 220, p 225-230
G. Cacciamani, S. De Negri, and A. Saccone, The Al-R-Mg (R = Gd, Dy, Ho) Systems. Part II: Thermodynamic Modelling of the Binary and Ternary Systems, Intermetallics, 2003, 11, p 1135-1151
N.F. Chaban, Ternary Sysytems Cr(Mo, W)-Gd-B, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram. [Poroshk. Metall.], 1982, 1, p 61-63
W. Jeitschko and R.K. Behrens, Ternary Carbides with Ho2Cr2C3 and UMoC2 Type Structure, Z. Metallkd., 1986, 77, p 788-793
O.M. Aliev and A.V. Einullaev, Phase Formation in the Gd-Cr-S System, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 1991, 36, p 1477-1481
Z.B. He, B.S. Zou, and K.H. Kuo, The Monoclinic Al45Cr7 Revisited, J. Alloys Compd., 2006, 417, p L4-L8
K.Y. Wen, Y.L. Chen, and K.H. Kuo, Crystallographic Relationships of the Al4Cr Crystalline and Quasicrystalline Phase, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1992, 23, p 2437-2445
B.B. Cao and K.H. Kuo, Crystal Structure of the Monoclinic η-Al11Cr2, J. Alloys Compd., 2008, 458, p 238-247
X.Z. Li, K. Sugiyama, and K. Hiraga, Crystal Structure of Orthorhombic ε-Al4Cr, Z. Kristallogr., 1997, 212, p 628-633
L.A. Bendersky, R.S. Roth, and J.T. Ramon, Crystallographic Characterization of Some Intermetallic Compounds in the Al-Cr System, Metall. Trans. A, 1991, 22, p 5-10
T. Ohnishi, Y. Nakatani, and K. Okabayashi, Crystal Structures of Intermetallic θ, η and ε Phases in Al-Cr System, Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect Ser. A, 1975, 24, p 183-191
T. Lindahl, A. Pilotti, and S. Westman, Rhombohedrally Distorted Gamma Phases in the Copper-Mercury and Chromium-Aluminium Systems, Acta Chem. Scand., 1968, 22, p 748-752
M. Ellner and B. Predel, X-Ray Diffraction Investigation of Al-Cr Phases of the W-Family, Z. Metallkd., 1989, 80, p 374
B. Stalinski and S. Pokrzywnicki, Magnetic Properties of Gadolinium-Aluminum Intermetallic Compounds, Phys. Status Solidi, 1966, 14, p K157-K160
E. Umlauf and E. Hess, Anomalous Thermal Expansion of CeAl3 Due to Valence Mixing, Solid State Commun., 1982, 44, p 311-314
I.R. Harris, R.C. Mansey, and G.V. Raynor, Rare Earth Intermediate Phases: III. The Cubic Laves Phases Formed with Aluminium and Cobalt, J. Less-Common Met., 1965, 9, p 270-280
D. Konopka, M. Sobaszek, and T. Rendicki, X-Ray Investigations of Laves Phase Intermetallic Compounds in the Gdl-xEr.rA12 System for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6, J. Less-Common Met., 1981, 81, p 1-4
K.A. Gschneidner, Jr., Crystal Structures of Some Equiatomic Gadolinium Compounds, Acta Crystallogr., 1965, 18, p 1082-1083
N.C. Baenziger and J.L. Moriarty, Gadolinium and Dyprosium Intermetallic Phases. II, Laves Phases and Other Structure Types, Acta Crystallogr., 1961, 14, p 948-950
N.C. Baenziger and J.J. Hagenbarth, Gadolinium and Dysprosium Intermetallic Phases. III. The Structures of Gd3Al2, Dy3Al2, Gd5Ge3, Dy5Ge3 and DyAl3, Acta Crystallogr., 1964, 17, p 620-621
T.I. Yanson, N.B. Manyako, and O.I. Bodak, Peculiarities of the Interaction of Ytterbium with Transition Metals (Cr,Mn) and Aluminium, J. Alloys Compd., 1995, 219, p 219-221
E.M. Sokolovskaya, E.F. Kazakova, and E.I. Plddyakova, Reaction of Aluminum with Chromium and Scandium, Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 1989, 31, p 837-839
L.L. Rokhlin, T.V. Dobatkina, and N.R. Bochvar, Phase Equilibria in Al-Rich Al-Sc-Cr Alloys, Metally, 2007, 1, p 97-100
Y. Verbovytsky, K. Latka, and K. Tomala, The Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Gd6Cr4Al43 Compound, J. Alloys Compd., 2007, 422, p 114-117
Y. Verbovytsky, K. Latka, and K. Tomala, The Crystal Structure and Magnetic properties of the GdV2Al20 and GdCr2Al20 Ternary Compounds, J. Alloys Compd., 2007, 422, p 334-336
Y. Verbovytsky, K. Latka, and A.W. Pacyna, The Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the GdCrxAl12−x (x = 3.5 and 4.0), Intermetallics, J. Alloys Compd., 2007, 438, p L12-L15
Y. Zhan, Y. Du, and Y. Zhuang, Determination of Phase Diagrams Using Equilibrated Alloys, Methods for Phase Diagram Determination, 1st ed., J.-C. Zhao, Ed., Elsevier Science Press, Amsterdam, 2007, p 108-150
H. Chen, F. Weitzer, N. Krendelsberger, Y. Du, and J.C. Schuster, Reaction Scheme and Liquidus Surface of the Ternary System Aluminum-Chromium-Titanium, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2009, 40A, p 2980-2986
G. van Tendeloo, F.J.A. den Broeder, A. Amelinckx, R. de Ridder, J. van Landuyt, and H.J. van Daal, Microstructure of Cr100−x Al x Alloys (10 at.% ≤ x ≤ 33 at.%) Studied by Means of Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffraction. I. Microstructure of the β-phase, Phys. Status Solidi A, 1981, 67, p 217-232
Acknowledgments
This research work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50831007), Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2011GXNSFA018017) and the Guangxi Science and Technology Development Project (1114003-1).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ling, M., Liang, Y., Wei, S. et al. Experimental Investigation of the Al-Cr-Gd Ternary System at 773 K. J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 33, 203–209 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0032-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0032-1