Abstract
Biomass is considered as a renewable and alternative resource for the production of fuels and chemicals, since it is the only carbon and hydrogen containing resource that we can find in the world except for fossil resources, capable of being converted to hydrocarbons. The pyrolytic liquefaction of biomass is a promising way to convert biomass to useful products. This paper briefly surveys the present status of the direct catalytic pyrolysis for the liquefaction of biomass. The direct use of catalysts could decrease the pyrolysis temperature, increase the conversion of biomass and the yield of bio-oil, and change the distribution of the pyrolytic liquid products then improve the quality of the bio-oil obtained. The fact that biomass is in solid state present great challenges for its conversion and for the effective use of catalysts due to the bad heat transfer characteristics and bad mass transfer properties. These barriers appeal for the development of a new catalyst and new catalytic process as well as the integration of both. Process design and process intensification are of significant importance in the catalytic conversion of biomass.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rostrup-Nielsen J. Chemistry: making fuels from biomass. Science, 2005, 308: 1421–1422
Tilman D, Hill J, Lehman C. Carbon-negative biofuels from low-input high-diversity grassland biomass. Science, 2006, 314: 1598–1600
Dodds D, Gross R. Chemicals from biomass. Science, 2007, 318: 1250–1251
Yaman S. Pyrolysis of biomass to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks. Energ Convers Manage, 2004, 45: 651–671
Bridgwater A, Meier D, Radlein D. An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass. Org Geochem, 1999, 30: 1479–1493
Corma A, Iborra S, Velty A. Chemical routes for the transformation of biomass into chemicals. Chem Rev, 2007, 107: 2411–2502
Lv P, Yuan Z, Wu C, Ma L, Chen Y, Tsubaki N. Bio-syngas production from biomass catalytic gasification. Energ Convers Manage, 2007, 48: 1132–1139
Goyal H, Seal D, Saxena R. Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev, 2008, 12: 504–517
Bridgwater A. Production of high grade fuels and chemicals from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. Catal Today, 1996, 29: 285–295
Zhang Q, Chang J, Wang T, Xu Y. Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research. Energ Convers Manage, 2007, 48: 87–92
Samolada M, Papafotica A, Vasalos I. Catalyst evaluation for catalytic biomass pyrolysis. Energy Fuel, 2000, 14: 1161–1167
Li J, Yan R, Xiao B, Liang D, Lee D. Preparation of nano-NiO particles and evaluation of their catalytic activity in pyrolyzing biomass components. Energy Fuel, 2008, 22: 16–23
Amarasekara A, Ebede C. Zinc chloride mediated degradation of cellulose at 200°C and identification of the products. Biores Technol, 2009, 100: 5301–5304
Helsen L, Van den Bulck E. Kinetics of the low-temperature pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate-treated wood. J Anal Appl pyrol, 2000, 53: 51–79
Szabo P, Varhegyi G, Till F, Faix O. Thermogravimetric/mass spectrometric characterization of two energy crops Arundo donax and Miscanthus sinensis. J Anal Appl pyrol, 1996, 36: 179–190
Amen-Chen C, Pakdel H, Roy C. Production of monomeric phenols by thermochemical conversion of biomass: a review. Biores Technol, 2001, 79: 277–299
Pindoria R, Megaritis A, Herod A, Kandiyoti R. A two-stage fixedbed reactor for direct hydrotreatment of volatiles from the hydropyrolysis of biomass: effect of catalyst temperature pressure and catalyst ageing time on product characteristics. Fuel, 1998, 77: 1715–1726
Adam J, Blazso M, Meszaros E, Stocker M, Nilsen M, Bouzga A, Hustad J, Gronli M, Oye G. Pyrolysis of biomass in the presence of Al-MCM-41 type catalysts. Fuel, 2005, 84: 1494–1502
Qi W, Hu C, Li G, Guo L, Yang Y, Luo J, Miao X, Du Y. Catalytic pyrolysis of several kinds of bamboos over zeolite NaY. Green Chem, 2006, 8: 183–190
Liu W, Hu C, Yang Y, Zhu L, Tong D. Effect of the interference instant of zeolite HY catalyst on the pyrolysis of pubescens. Chinese J Chem Eng, 2010, 18: 351–354
Onay O. Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of pistacia khinjuk seed in a well-swept fixed bed reactor. Fuel, 2007, 86: 1452–1460
Ateş F, Pűtűn A, Pűtűn E. Fixed bed pyrolysis of euphorbia rigida with different catalysts. Energ Convers Manage, 2005, 46: 421–432
Ateş F, Pűtűn A, Pűtűn E. Pyrolysis of two different biomass samples in a fixed-bed reactor combined with two different catalysts. Fuel, 2006, 85: 1851–1859
Pűtűn E, Uzun B, Pűtűn A. Fixed-bed catalytic pyrolysis of cotton-seed cake: effects of pyrolysis temperature natural zeolite content and sweeping gas flow rate. Biores Technol, 2006, 97: 701–710
Dobele G, Rossinskaja G, Dizhbite T, Telysheva G, Meier D, Faix O. Application of catalysts for obtaining 6-anhydrosaccharides from cellulose and wood by fast pyrolysis. J Anal Appl pyrol, 2005, 74: 401–405
Fabbri D, Torri C, Baravelli V. Effect of zeolites and nanopowder metal oxides on the distribution of chiral anhydrosugars evolved from pyrolysis of cellulose: an analytical study. J Anal Appl pyrol, 2007, 80: 24–29
Torri C, Lesci I, Fabbri D. Analytical study on the pyrolytic behaviour of cellulose in the presence of MCM-41 mesoporous materials. J Anal Appl pyrol, 2009, 85: 192–196
Di Blasi C, Branca C, Galgano A. Products and global weight loss rates of wood decomposition catalyzed by zinc chloride. Energy Fuel, 2008, 22: 663–670
Lu Q, Xiong W, Li W, Guo Q, Zhu X. Catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose with sulfated metal oxides: a promising method for obtaining high yield of light furan compounds. Biores Technol, 2009, 100: 4871–4876
Yang Y, Xiang X, Luo J, Qi W, Yan H, Li G, Hu C. Pyrolysis of glucose over two amphoteric metal oxides. Chem Res Chinese U, 2009, 25: 234–238 (in Chinese)
Chen M, Wang J, Zhang M, Zhu X, Min F, Tan Z. Catalytic effects of eight inorganic additives on pyrolysis of pine wood sawdust by microwave heating. J Anal Appl pyrol, 2008, 82: 145–150
Lappas A, Samolada M, Iatridis D, Voutetakis S, Vasalos I. Biomass pyrolysis in a circulating fluid bed reactor for the production of fuels and chemicals. Fuel, 2002, 81: 2087–2095
Zhang H, Xiao R, Huang H, Xiao G. Comparison of non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis of corncob in a fluidized bed reactor. Biores Technol, 2009, 100: 1428–1434
Pan P, Hu C, Yang W, Li Y, Dong L, Zhu L, Tong D, Qing R, Fan Y. The direct pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of Nannochloropsis sp, residue for renewable bio-oils. Biores Technol, 2010, 101: 4593–4599
Lu Q, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Zhu X. Catalytic upgrading of biomass fast pyrolysis vapors with Pd/SBA-15 catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res, 2010, 49: 2573–2580
Aho A, Kumar N, Eranen K, Salmi T, Hupa M, Murzin D. Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass in a fluidized bed reactor: influence of the acidity of H-Beta zeolite. Process Saf Environ, 2007, 85: 473–480
Liu W, Hu C, Yang Y, Tong D, Li G, Zhu L. Influence of ZSM-5 zeolite on the pyrolytic intermediates from the co-pyrolysis of pubescens and LDPE. Energ Convers Manage, 2010, 51: 1025–1032
Demiral I, Sensöz S. The effects of different catalysts on the pyrolysis of industrial wastes (olive and hazelnut bagasse). Biores Technol, 2008, 99: 8002–8007
Williams P, Horne P. The influence of catalyst regeneration on the composition of zeolite-upgraded biomass pyrolysis oils. Fuel, 1995, 74: 1839–1851
Horne P, Williams P. Upgrading of biomass-derived pyrolytic vapours over zeolite ZSM-5 catalyst: effect of catalyst dilution on product yields. Fuel, 1996, 75: 1043–1050
Vitolo S, Bresci B, Seggiani M, Gallo M. Catalytic upgrading of pyrolytic oils over HZSM-5 zeolite: behaviour of the catalyst when used in repeated upgrading-regenerating cycles. Fuel, 2001, 80: 17–26
Di Blasi C. Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis. Prog Energ Combus, 2008, 34: 47–90
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hu, C., Yang, Y., Luo, J. et al. Recent advances in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 5, 188–193 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-010-1015-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-010-1015-6