Abstract
Bago River is an important river in Myanmar. Although shorter than other rivers, it has its own river system, and people along the river rely heavily on it for their daily lives. The upper part of the watershed has changed rapidly from closed forest to open forest land in the 1990s. Since the recent degradation of the forest environment, annual flooding has become worse during the rainy season in Bago City. This paper aims at determining soil conservation prioritization of watershed based on soil loss due to erosion and morphometric analysis in the Bago Watershed by integrating remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. In this study, soil erosion of the Bago watershed was determined using the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Such factormaps as rainfall, soil erodibility, slope length gradient, and crop management were compiled as input parameters for the modeling; and the soil loss from 26 sub-watersheds were estimated. Then, the soil erosion maps of the Bago watershed for 2005 were developed. The resulting Soil Loss Tolerance Map could be utilized in developing watershed management planning, forestry management planning, etc.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrew A, Millward A L, Janet E, et al (1999). Adapting the RUSLE to model soil erosion potential in a mountainous tropical watershed. Catena, 38: 109–129
Angima S D, Stott D E, Neill M K O, et al (2003). Soil erosion prediction using RUSLE for central Kenyan highland conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 97: 295–308
Aung H T (2003). Myanmar: The Processes and Patterns. National Centre for Human Resource Development, published, Ministry of Education, Myanmar
Aye KMM (1999). Climate of Eastern and Western Bago Division. Dissertation for the M A Degree. Myanmar: University of Yangon, 24–44
Aye N (2004). Developing Hydrologic Flood Control Model for Chindwin Watershed Conservation Planning and Management. Dissertation for the M A Degree. Myanmar: Yangon Institute of Technology, 92–93
Biswas S, Sudhakar S, Desai V R (1999). Prioritization of sub-watersheds based on morphometric analysis of drainage basin-remote sensing and GIS approach. J of Ind Soc of Rem Sens, 27(3): 155–166
Cholrley R J, Dunn A J, Beckinsale R P (1964). The history of the study of landforms. Landon: Methuen, 678–678
Cohen M J, Shepherd K D, Walsh M G (2005). Empirical reformulation of the universal soil loss equation for erosion risk assessment in a tropical watershed. Geoderma, 124: 235–252
Eagleson P S (1970). Dynamic Hydrology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 462–462
Harden C P (2006). Human impacts on headwater fluvial systems in the northern and central Andes. Geomorphology, 7: 249–263
Harmel R D, Richardson C W, King K W (2006). Runoff and soil loss relationships for the Texas Blackland Prairies ecoregion. Journal of Hydrology, 31: 471–483
Horton R E (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: Hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology, Bull. America: Geol Soc, 56: 275–370
Hudson N W (1981). Soil Conservation. New York: Cornell University Press, 312–324
Hudson (2004). Soil erosion modeling using the revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in a drainage basin in eastern Mexico, Environmental GIS: GRG 360G. http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/hudson/grg360g/EGIS/labs_04/Lab9/lab9_soil_erosion_NEW_spr04.htm
Lufafa A, Tenywa M M, Isabirye M, et al (2003). Prediction of soil erosion in a Lake Victoria basin catchment using a GIS-based Universal Soil Loss model. Agricultural Systems, 76: 883–894
McCaullagh P (1979). Modern Concepts in Geomorphology. London: Oxford University Press, 11–25
Miller V C (1953). Quantitative geomorphological study of drainage basin characteristics in Clinch Mountain area, Tennessee. Dept Geol Columbia University. ONR Project Teach. Report NR389-042, No.3, 189–200
Millward A A, Mersey J E (1999). Adapting the RUSLE to model soil erosion potential in a mountainous tropical watershed. Catena, 38: 109–129
Morgan R P C, Morgan D D V, Finney H J (1984). A predictive model for assessment of erosion, risk. J Agricultural Engineering Research, 30: 245–253
Morgan R P C (1986). Soil Erosion and Conservation. London: Longman group UK Ltd, London, 1–107
Morgan R P C (1995). Soil Erosion and Conservation. 2nd ed. Essex: Longman Group, UK Ltd, London, 1–191
Özhan S, Balc A N, Özyuvaci N, et al (2005). Cover and management factors for the Universal Soil Loss Equation for forest ecosystems in the Marmara region, Turkey. Journal of forest ecology & management, 214: 118–123
Renard K G, Foster G R, Weesies G A, et al (1997). Predicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning With the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No.703
Schwab G O, Fangmeier D D, Elliot W J, et al (1993). Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 131–138
Schumm S A (1965). Quaternary Palaeohydrology. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 789–794
Singh R K, Saha S K, Kumar S (2005). Soil conservation prioritization of watershed based on erosional soil loss and morphometric analysis using Satellite Remote Sensing & GIS-A case study. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA), Dehradun: Map India 2005
Sonneveld B G J S, Nearing M A (2003). A nonparametric/parametric analysis of the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Catena, 52: 9–21
Strahler A N (1964). Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basin and channel networks. Handbook of applied hydrology, New York: McGraw Hill, section 4–11
Strahler A N (1964). Quantitative Geomorphology drainage basins and channel networks Handbook of Applied Hydrology, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., 4: 39–76
Strahler A N (1975). Quantitative Analysis of Erosional Landforms, Physical Geography. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley, 454–470
Wischmeier W H, Smith D D (1978). Predicting Rainfall Runoff Losses, A Guide to Conservation Planning US Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook, No. 537
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hlaing, K.T., Haruyama, S. & Aye, M.M. Using GIS-based distributed soil loss modeling and morphometric analysis to prioritize watershed for soil conservation in Bago river basin of Lower Myanmar. Front. Earth Sci. China 2, 465–478 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-008-0048-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-008-0048-3