Abstract
The mercury sulfidation experiments were conducted in the pH range from 1 to 13. The results show that Hg(II) reacted with equimolar S(II) has the lowest remained Hg(II) concentration (9.7 μg/L) at pH 1.0 and the highest remained concentration (940.8 μg/L) at pH 13.0. Meanwhile, the changes of pH values were monitored exactly, which reveal that solution pH values change when mixing the same pH value solutions of HgCl2 and Na2S. In order to explain the phenomena and determine the reaction paths of Hg(II) reacting with S(II) in the solution, the concerned thermodynamics was studied. Species of S(II)-H2O system and Hg(II)-H2O system at different pH values were calculated, and then the species distribution diagrams of S(II)-H2O system, Hg(II)-H2O system and Hg(II)-Cl−-OH−-H2O system were drawn. Combining the experimental data and thermodynamic calculation, the mechanism of Hg(II) reacting with S(II) was deduced. The results indicate that different species of S(II) and Hg(II) have the diverse reaction paths to form HgS precipitate at different pH values and the standard Gibbs free energies change (Δr G Θm ) of those equations are also calculated, which can provide a guidance for mercury-containing wastewater treatment with Na2S.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
JING Y D, HEA Z L, YANG X E. Effects of pH, organic acids, and competitive cations on mercury desorption in soils [J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 69(10): 1662–1669.
SANDRA G, ISELA L, CARLOS B. Mercury removal from contaminated water by ultrasound-promoted reduction/vaporization in a microscale reactor [J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2008, 15(3): 212–216.
MEENA A K, MISHRA G K, RAI P K, RAJAGOPAL C, NAGAR P N. Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using carbon aerogel as an adsorbent [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005, 122(1/2): 161–170.
RODRIGO S V, MARIAA M B. Dynamic and static adsorption and desorption of Hg(II) ions on chitosan membranes and spheres [J]. Water Research, 2006, 40(8): 1726–1734.
FRIDER E S, SHELEFB G, KRESS N. Mercury speciation in sediments at a municipal sewage sludge marine disposal site [J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2007, 64(5): 601–615.
ZAMBRANO J B, ABORIE S L, VIERS P, RAKIB M, DUTAND G. Mercury removal and recovery from aqueous solutions by coupled complexation-ultrafiltration and electrolysis [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2004, 229(1/2): 179–186.
GRAU J M, BISANG J M. Removal and recovery of mercury from chloride solutions by contact deposition on iron felt [J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1995, 62(2): 153–158.
MONTEAGYDO J M, ORTIZ M J. Removal of inorganic mercury from mine waste water by ion exchange [J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2000, 75(9): 767–772.
CHAI Li-yuan, LI Qing-zhu, WANG Qing-wei, YANG Zhi-hui, WANG Yun-yan. Removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions using spent grain [C]// 2009 Annual TMS Meeting and Exhibition. San Francisco: Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2009: 1019–1023.
HUANG Y C, KOSEOGLU S S. Separation of heavy metals from industrial waste streams by membrane separation technology [J]. Waste Management, 1993, 13(5/7): 481–501.
REDDY M L P, FRANCIS T. Recent advances in the solvent extraction of mercury(II) with calixarenes and crown ethers [J]. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2001, 19(5): 839–863.
KINGJ K, HARMON S M, THERESA T F, GLADDEN J B. Mercury removal, methylmercury formation, and sulfate-reducing bacteria profiles in wetland mesocosms [J]. Chemosphere, 2002, 46(6): 859–870.
HASANY S M, AHMAD R. The potential of cost-effective coconut husk for the removal of toxic metal ions for environmental protection [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2006, 81(3): 286–295.
TOKUDA H, KUCHARA D, MIHARA N, KUBOTA M, MATSUDA H, FUKUTA T. Study on reaction kinetics and selective precipitation of Cu, Zn, Ni and Sn with H2S in single-metal and multi-metal systems [J]. Chemosphere, 2008, 73(19): 1448–1452.
ZHENG Ya-jie, WANG Yong, XIAO Fa-xin, LUO Yuan. Recovery of copper sulfate after treating As-containing wastewater by precipitation method [J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2009, 16(2): 42–46.
BRANDON N P, FRANCIS P A, JEFFREY J, KELSALL G H, YIN Q. Thermodynamics and electrochemical behaviour of Hg-S-Cl-H2O systems [J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2001, 497(1/2): 18–32.
LI Meng-long. Concise handbook of chemical date [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2004. (in Chinese)
JAMES N B. Ionic equilibrium: A mathematical approach [M]. Massachusetts: Addison-wesley Educational Publishers, 1964.
CAO Jie-shan. Determination of sulfides in water and wastewater by iodonetric method [J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2001, 17(4): 31–33. (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: Project(50925417) supported by China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists; Project(50830301) supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(308019) supported by the Key Science and Technical Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Project(2007BAC25B01) supported by the National Key Project of Science and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan; Project(08JJ3020) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chai, Ly., Wang, Qw., Wang, Yy. et al. Thermodynamic study on reaction path of Hg(II) with S(II) in solution. J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 17, 289–294 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-010-0044-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-010-0044-0