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Tunnel failure in hard rock with multiple weak planes due to excavation unloading of in-situ stress

开挖卸荷条件下含多条结构面硬岩巷道的破坏特性

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Abstract

Natural geological structures in rock (e.g., joints, weakness planes, defects) play a vital role in the stability of tunnels and underground operations during construction. We investigated the failure characteristics of a deep circular tunnel in a rock mass with multiple weakness planes using a 2D combined finite element method/discrete element method (FEM/DEM). Conventional triaxial compression tests were performed on typical hard rock (marble) specimens under a range of confinement stress conditions to validate the rationale and accuracy of the proposed numerical approach. Parametric analysis was subsequently conducted to investigate the influence of inclination angle, and length on the crack propagation behavior, failure mode, energy evolution, and displacement distribution of the surrounding rock. The results show that the inclination angle strongly affects tunnel stability, and the failure intensity and damage range increase with increasing inclination angle and then decrease. The dynamic disasters are more likely with increasing weak plane length. Shearing and sliding along multiple weak planes are also consistently accompanied by kinetic energy fluctuations and surges after unloading, which implies a potentially violent dynamic response around a deeply-buried tunnel. Interactions between slabbing and shearing near the excavation boundaries are also discussed. The results presented here provide important insight into deep tunnel failure in hard rock influenced by both unloading disturbance and tectonic activation.

摘要

岩石中存在的自然地质构造(如节理、弱面、缺陷等)对巷道和地下工程的稳定性起着至关重要 的作用。本文采用二维有限元/离散耦合数值仿真技术(FEM/DEM)分析了多条结构面(弱面)与开挖卸荷 共同作用下深埋圆形巷道的破坏特征。对典型的硬岩(大理岩)试件进行了不同围压下的常规三轴压缩 试验, 验证了该数值仿真技术的合理性和准确性。采用参数分析研究了结构面倾角与长度对围岩裂纹 扩展行为、破坏模式、能量演化和位移分布的影响。结果表明, 在含有多条结构面的情况下, 倾角对 巷道稳定性具有较为明显的影响, 且破坏程度随着倾角的增加呈现先增后降的趋势。随着结构面长度 的增加, 巷道发生动力灾害的可能性逐渐增大。开挖卸荷后, 结构面活化导致层间发生相互剪切和滑 移, 模型内动能出现起伏和波动, 体现出较为明显的的动力响应特征。讨论了开挖边界附近板裂化破 坏与剪切破坏之间的相互作用。研究结果为分析开挖卸荷与构造活动作用下深埋硬岩巷道破坏特性提 供了重要依据。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China

    Shao-jie Chen  (陈绍杰), Fan Feng  (冯帆), Wan-peng Huang  (黄万朋) & Ning Jiang  (江宁)

  2. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China

    Fan Feng  (冯帆) & Ya-jun Wang  (王亚军)

  3. School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Fan Feng  (冯帆) & Xing-dong Zhao  (赵兴东)

  4. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Di-yuan Li  (李地元)

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Contributions

CHEN Shao-jie provided the concept and edited the draft of manuscript. FENG Fan performed the numerical research and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. WANG Ya-jun analyzed the numerical simulation results and helped to draft the revised manuscript. LI Di-yuan provided the numerical software and designed the modelling scheme. HUANG Wang-peng analyzed and processed the data. ZHAO Xing-dong and JIANG Ning conducted the literature review, and checked the language and format.

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Correspondence to Fan Feng  (冯帆).

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Conflict of interest

CHEN Shao-jie, FENG Fan, WANG Ya-jun, LI Di-yuan, HUANG Wang-peng, ZHAO Xing-dong, and JIANG Ning declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Foundation item: Projects(52004143, 51774194) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2020M670781) supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Project(SKLGDUEK2021) supported by the State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China; Project(U1806208) supported by the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund, China; Project(2018GSF117023) supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province, China

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Chen, Sj., Feng, F., Wang, Yj. et al. Tunnel failure in hard rock with multiple weak planes due to excavation unloading of in-situ stress. J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 27, 2864–2882 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4515-7

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