Abstract
This paper investigates the behavior and the failure mechanism of a double deck bridge constructed in China through nonlinear time history analysis. A parametric study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different structural characteristics on the behavior of the double deck bridge under transverse seismic motions, and to detect the effect of bidirectional loading on the seismic response of this type of bridge. The results showed that some characteristics, such as the variable lateral stiffness, the foundation modelling, and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio of the upper and lower columns of the bridge pier bents have a major impact on the double deck bridge response and its failure mechanism under transverse seismic motions. It was found that the soft story failure mechanism is not unique to the double deck bridge and its occurrence is related to some conditions and structural characteristics of the bridge structure. The analysis also showed that the seismic vulnerability of the double deck bridge under bi-directional loading was severely increased compared to the bridge response under unidirectional transverse loading, and out-of-phase movements were triggered between adjacent girders.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ady A, Mackie RK and Božidar S (2008), “Guidelines for Nonlinear Analysis of Bridge Structures in California,” PEER Report 2008/03, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley.
AASHTO (2004), Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Inc, Washington, DC.
California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS) Seismic Design Criteria: Version 1. 2. Str. 121, December, 2001.
EERI, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (1989), Loma Prieta Earthquake October 17, 1989, Preliminary Reconnaissance Report, E.E.R.I.89-03, November.
Eberhard MO, De la Colina J and Ryter SW (1995), “Seismic Vulnerability of the Alaskan way Viaduct” WSDOT Typical Unit Report No.WA-RD363.1. Washington State Department of Transportation, Olympia, Wa.
Mander JB, Priestley MJN and Park R (1988), “Theoretical Stress-strain Model for Confined Concrete,” Journal of the Structural Engineering, 114(ST8): 1804–1826.
Mazzoni S and Moehle JP (2001), “Seismic Response of Beam-column Joints in Double Deck Reinforced Concrete Bridge Frames,” ACI Structural Journal, 98(3): 259–269.
Ministry of Transportation of the People’s Republic of China (MTPRC) (2008), Guidelines for Seismic Design of Highway Bridges (GSDHB), JTG/T B02-01-2008, China Communications Press, Beijing, China.
Paulay T and Priestley MJN (1992), “Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings,” Wiley Interscience, New York, USA.
Priestley MJN, Seible F and Chai YH (1989), “Collapse of the Cypress Viaduct,” Final Report to the Caltrans Office of Structural Design.
Priestley MJN, Seible F and Anderson DL (1992), “Proof Test of a Retrofit Concept of the San Francisco Double Deck Viaducts,” Report No.SSRP-92/03, Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, University of California, San Diego.
Priestley MJN, Seible F and Calvi GMS (1996), Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Priestley MJN, Calvi GM and Kowalsky MJ (2007), Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures, Pavia, Italy: IUSS Press.
Ramachandran J (2005) “Analysis of Pile Foundations under Seismic Loading,” CBE Institute: Final Report.
Reinhorn AM (1997), “Inelastic Analysis Techniques in Seismic Evaluations,” Proceedings of the International Workshop on Seismic Design Methodologies for the Next Generation of Codes, Bled, Slovenia; pp. 277–288.
Santiago RG, Ahmet S and Shinozuka M (1995), “Damage Analysis of Simulated I-880 Structures under the Loma Prieta Earthquake,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 14: 313–319.
SAP2000 V-14(2009), CSI. Integrated Finite Element Analysis and Design of Structures Basic Analysis Reference Manual, Berkeley (CA, USA): Computers and Structures Inc.
Tatjana I and Matej F (2005), “Higher Modes in Simplified Inelastic Seismic Analysis of Single Column Bent Viaducts,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 35: 95–114.
Wibowo A, Wilson JL and Gad EF (2011), “Drift Capacity of Lightly Reinforced Soft Storey Structures,” Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering Building an Earthquake-Resilient Society, Auckland, New Zealand, 14–16.
Zayati F, Mahin SA and Moehle JP (1996), “Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of a Retrofit Double-deck Viaduct Structure,” Report No. UCB/EERC-96/03, Earthquake Engineering Research Centre.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alali, S., Li, J. & Guo, G. Double deck bridge behavior and failure mechanism under seismic motions using nonlinear analyzes. Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib. 12, 447–461 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-013-0185-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-013-0185-x