Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Facile synthesis of TiO2/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite by sol-gel auto combustion method for superior visible light photocatalytic efficiency

  • Catalysis, Reaction Engineering
  • Published:
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Photocatalytic composite materials having photon absorption capability in the range of visible light were synthesized by loading TiO2 (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) on ferrite nanocomposites by sol-gel auto-combustion method. The synthesized nanocomposites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and N2 adsorption techniques. The generation of photo active hydroxyl radicals for all the synthesized composites was found higher under the irradiation of red LED (RLED irradiation) which was confirmed by degradation of rhodamine B dye under irradiation of RLED. Photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposites was also carried out under irradiation of ultraviolet (UVLED) and blue (BLED) light emitting diodes, which is comparatively less than for the reaction under red LED irradiation. The operational parameters like catalyst amount, pH and concentration of dye solution were studied and ESI-MS degradation pathway is proposed by analyzing the degraded samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.R. Hoffman, S.T. Martin, W. Choi and D.W. Bahnemann, Chem. Rev., 95, 69 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Y. Xu and C.H. Langford, Langmuir., 17, 897 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. X. Chen and S. S. Mao, Chem. Rev., 107, 2891 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Ma, X. Wang, Y. Jia, X. Chen, H. Han and C. Li, Chem. Rev., 114, 9987 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. R. Thiruvenkatachari, S. Vigneswaran and S. Moon, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 25, 64 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. R. J. Tayade, R. G. Kulkarni and R.V. Jasra, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45, 922 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Saquib and M. Muneer, Dyes Pigm., 53, 237 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J. Theurich, M. Lindner and D.W. Bahnemann, Langmuir., 12, 6368 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M.A. Wurtele, T. Kolbe and M. Lipsz, Water Res., 45, 1481 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. I.A. Soloshenko, V.Y. Bazhenov and V. A. Khomich, IEEE Trans Plasma Sci., 34, 1365 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. W.Y. Wang and I. Ku, Water Res., 40, 2249 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. F. Akbal, Environ. Prog., 24, 317 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. R. J. Tayade, T. S. Natarajan and H. C. Bajaj, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48, 10262 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Hajaghazadeh, V. Vaiano and D. Sannino, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32, 636 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Dominguez, P. Ribao and M. J. Rivero, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 178, 165 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Marchelek, B. Bajorowicz and P. Mazierski, Catal. Today, 252, 47 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M.R. Rasoulifard, M. Fazli and M.R. Eskandarian, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 24, 121 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. W.K. Jo and R. J. Tayade, Chinese J. Catal., 35, 1781 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Yin, B. Liu, P. Zhang, T. Morikawa, K. Yamanaka and T. Sato, J. Phys. Chem. C., 112, 12425 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. K. Dai, J. Lv and L. Lu, Mater. Lett., 130, 5 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. K.V. SubbaRao, B. Lavedrine and P. Boule, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 154, 189 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Bingham and W. A. Daoud, J. Mater. Chem., 21, 2041 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. L. Jing, W. Zhou and G. Tian, Chem. Soc. Rev., 42, 9509 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. J. H. Pan, H. Dou and Z. Xiong, J. Mater. Chem., 20, 4512 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Yan, W. Ling and E. Zhou, J. Cryst. Growth., 273, 226 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Bai, J. Zhou, Z. Gui and L. Li, Mater. Chem. Phys., 98, 66 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J. S. Jang, S. J. Hong and J. S. Lee, J. Korean Phys. Soc., 54, 204 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Sun, X. Yang, Y. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. Ding, J. Baoa and C. Gao, Prog. Nat. Sci., 22, 639 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. K. J. McDonald and K.S. Choi, Chem. Mater., 23, 4863 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Xu, D. Feng and W. Shangguan, J. Phys. Chem. C., 113, 2463 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S. S. Srinivasan, J. Wade and E. K. Stefanakos, J. Nanomater., 45712, 1 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Z.H. Yuan and L. Zhang, J. Mater. Chem., 11, 1265 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. R. S. Puche, M. J.T. Fernandez, V.B. Gutierrez, R. Gomez, V. Marquina, M. L. Marquina, J. L. P. Mazariego and R. Ridaura, Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. V., 47, 133 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. E.M.M. Ewais, M. M. Hessien and A. A. El-Geassy, J. Aust. Ceram. Soc., 44, 57 (2008).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. R. Dom, R. Subasri, K. Radha and P. H. Borse, Solid State Commun., 151, 470 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. P. Sivakumar, R. Ramesh, A. Ramanand, S. Ponnusamy and C. J. Muthamizhchelvan, Mater. Lett., 66, 314 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. H. Kaur, J. Singh and B. S. Randhawa, Ceram. Int., 40, 12235 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Z. Zhang and W. Wang, Mater. Lett., 133, 212 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. X. Cao, L. Gu, X. Lan, C. Zhao, D. Yao and W. Sheng, Mater. Chem. Phys., 106, 175 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. M. Ge, Y. Chen, M. Liu and M. Li, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 3, 2809 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Y. Yao, J. Qin, H. Chen, F. Wei, X. Liu, J. Wang and S. Wang, J. Hazard Mater., 291, 28 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J. Li, Q. Xiao, L. Li, J. Shen and D. Hu, Appl. Surf. Sci., 331, 108 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Q. Xu, J. Feng, L. Li, Q. Xiao and J. Wang, J. Alloys Compd., 641, 110 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. G. Zhang, Y. Sun, D. Gao and Y. Xu, Mater. Res. Bull., 45, 755 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. B. Zhang, J. Zhang and F. Chen, Res. Chem. Intermed., 34, 375 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. J. Yang, X. Li, X. Deng, Z. Huang and Y. Zhang, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 120, 579 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. X. Li, Y. Hou, Q. Zhao and L. Wang, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 358, 102 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. C.C. Chen, E. Butler, M. A. Ahmad, Y.T. Hung and Y.P. Fu, Mater. Res. Bull., 50, 178 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. T. Tangcharoen, A. Ruangphanit, W. Klysubun and W. Pecharapa, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 66, 387 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. J. Azadmanjiri, Mater. Chem. Phys., 109, 109 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. R. Zhang, J. Huang, J. Zhao, Z. Sun and Y. Wang, Energy Fuel, 21, 2682 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. A. Tang, Y. Deng, J. Jin and H. Yang, Sci. World J., Article ID 480527, 1 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  53. M. Bandyopadhyay, A. Birkner, M.W. E. Berg, K.V. Klementiev, W. Schmidt, W. Grunert and H. Gies, Chem. Mater., 17, 3820 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. P. H. Borse, J. S. Jang, J. S. Lee, F. N. Khan, M. G. Ha, J. P. Kim, J. S. Bae, E.D. Jeong and H.G. Kim, J. Korean Phys. Soc., 59, 2750 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. H. Lv, L. Ma, P. Zeng, D. Ke and T. Peng, J. Mater. Chem., 20, 3665 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. P. Cheng, C. Deng, M. Gu and W. Shangguan, J. Mater Sci., 42, 9239 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. P. P. Hankare, R. P. Patil, A.V. Jadhav, K. M. Garadkar and R. Sasikala, Appl. Cat. B: Environ., 107, 333 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. K. S.W. Sing, Pure Appl. Chem., 54, 2201 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. T. Xie, L. Xu and C. Liu, RSC Adv., 3, 15856 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. A. I. Borhana, P. Samoila, V. Huleac, A.R. Iordana and M.N. Palamaru, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 279, 17 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. G. Fan, Z. Gu, L. Yang and F. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 155, 534 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. L. Nalbandian, A. Delimitis, V.T. Zaspalis, E. A. Deliyanni, D. N. Bakoyannakis and E. N. Peleka, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 114, 465 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. L. Zhang, Y. He, Y. Wu and T. Wu, Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Adv., 176, 1497 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. E. Moreira, L. A. Fraga, M.H. Mendonca and O. C. Monteiro, J. Nanopart. Res., 14, 1 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. X. Zhu, F. Zhang, M. Wang, J. Ding, S. Suna, J. Bao and C. Gao, Appl. Surf. Sci., 319, 83 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. X. Li, Y. Hou, Q. Zhao and L. Wang, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 358, 102 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. A. Akyol, H.C. Yatmaz and M. Bayramoglu, Appl. Catal. B. Environ., 54, 19 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. F. Chen, J. Zhao and H. Hidaka, Int. J. Photoenergy, 5, 209 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. S.Q. Liu, L.R. Feng, N. Xu, Z. G. Chen and X. M. Wang, Chem. Eng. J., 203, 432 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. P. P. Hankare, A.V. Jadhav, R. P. Patil, K. M. Garadkar, I. S. Mulla and R. Sasikala, Arch. Phys. Res., 3, 269 (2012).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. M. Nookaraju, A. Rajini, N. Venkatathri and I. A. K. Reddy, Asian J. Chem., 24, 5817 (2012).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. X. Chen Z. Xue Y. Yao W. Wang F. Zhu and C. Hong Int. J. Photoenergy 7546912012

  73. C.Q. Zhu, Y.R. Li, Q. Su, B. G. Lu, J.Q. Pan, J.W. Zhang, E.Q. Xie and W. Lan, J. Alloys Compd., 575, 333 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. J. Yin, L. J. Bie and Z. H. Yuan, Mater. Res. Bull., 42, 1402 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. T. S. Natarajan, K. Natarajan, H. C. Bajaj and R. J. Tayade, J. Nanopart. Res., 15, 1 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. K. Yu, S. Yang, H. He, C. Sun, C. Gu and Y. Ju, J. Phys. Chem. A., 113, 10024 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. T. Soltani and M. H. Entezari, Chem. Eng. J., 223, 145 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. W. Zhang, M. Wang, W. Zhao and B. Wang, Dalton Trans., 42, 15464 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. S. Wu, X. Shen, G. Zhu, H. Zhou, Z. Ji, K. Chen and A. Yuan, Appl. Cat. B: Environ., DOI:10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.11.035.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division (IMCD), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India

    Kalithasan Natarajan, Puspendra Singh, Hari Chand Bajaj & Rajesh Jagannath Tayade

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India

    Kalithasan Natarajan & Hari Chand Bajaj

Authors
  1. Kalithasan Natarajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Puspendra Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hari Chand Bajaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rajesh Jagannath Tayade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajesh Jagannath Tayade.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Natarajan, K., Singh, P., Bajaj, H.C. et al. Facile synthesis of TiO2/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite by sol-gel auto combustion method for superior visible light photocatalytic efficiency. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 33, 1788–1798 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0051-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0051-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation