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Sources and impacts of pharmaceutical components in wastewater and its treatment process: A review

  • Invited Review Paper
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Abstract

Pharmaceutical compounds and their derivatives are major pollutants in the environment, as their metabolites affect the terrestrial as well as aquatic organisms in one or another way. In recent times, many papers have discussed the treatment procedures for single pharmaceutical and mixture of pharmaceutical components, but only few papers have discussed the fate and the exposure of pharmaceutical contaminants in our environment. In this paper, we discuss the sources and the forms of pharmaceutical products and their resultant in the environment and their addition to the microbial and to human communities. A detailed discussion of various treatment techniques from conventional to current techniques, their advantages and disadvantages is given here. Researchers are finding the techniques in order to completely degrade the contaminants and their transformed products from the environment. Among the technique, s nanotechnology was found to be an efficient technique, and the combination of nanotechnology with other conventional technologies gives higher removal efficiency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India

    Kirubanandam Grace Pavithra, Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar, Panneerselvam Sundar Rajan & Anbalagan Saravanan

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Bld#5, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mu Naushad

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  1. Kirubanandam Grace Pavithra
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Dr. P. Senthil Kumar is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India. He received his B.Tech. in Chemical Engineering (University of Madras, India), M.E. in Environmental Engineering (Anna University, India) and Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering (Anna University, India). He has 11 years of teaching experience, 10 years of research experience and 1 year of industrial experience. He is a recognized Anna University Research Supervisor to guide Ph.D./ M.S. candidates. Under his guidance, 03 Ph.D Scholars have completed, and 10 Ph.D. scholars are currently doing their active research in the area of Waste Water Treatment and Alternative Fuels. He has published more than 122+ research papers in a highly reputed International Journals (Authors h-index is 22+ with 2013+ citations) and 70 research papers in National/International Conferences. He has also published more than 25 book chapters in the reputed publishers which include Springer and Elsevier. His active research area includes Adsorption Separation Technology, Activated Carbon, Alternative Fuels, Advanced Oxidation Process, CO2 Sequestration, Chemical Reaction Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Nanotechnology. He was a recipient of many outstanding awards from home and abroad.

Dr. Mu. Naushad is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University (KSU), Saudi Arabia. Prior to coming to King Saud University, he was the Assistant Professor at SRM University, India. He obtained his Ph.D Degree in Analytical chemistry, from A.M.U. Aligarh, India in 2007. He has 15 years of research experience and 8 years of teaching experience. His research interest includes nanocomposite materials and wastewater treatment. He has over 200 refereed publications with a Google Scholar H-Index of >33. He holds five US patents deriving from his research. He is the Editor/Editorial member of several reputed Journals. He has been awarded by the Scientist of the year award-2015 from National Environmental Science Academy, India and Almarai Award-2017 from Saudi Arabia.

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Pavithra, K.G., Senthil Kumar, P., Sundar Rajan, P. et al. Sources and impacts of pharmaceutical components in wastewater and its treatment process: A review. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 34, 2787–2805 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-017-0255-2

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