Abstract
The multiphase fluid flow in a gas-stirred system for steelmaking ladles is simulated using an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The effects of interphase forces and the bubble-induced turbulence on the fluid flow and the bubble behavior are analyzed by comparing with the measured data. It is found that the drag force strongly affects the velocity field and bubble volume fraction in the plume, but hardly influences the bubble plume shape. The lift force is mainly responsible for the spreading of the bubble plume, and the bubble plume becomes wider as the lift coefficient increases. The virtual mass force has a significant effect on the bubble volume fraction and should be considered reasonable. The pressure gradient force is negligible because it hardly affects the bubble plume dynamic. On increasing the bubble-induced turbulence, the bubble plume becomes wider and the liquid velocity and the bubble volume fraction in bubble plume are reduced.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Kim and R. Fruehan, Metall. Trans. B 18, 381 (1987).
S.T. Johansen, D.G.C. Robertson, K. Woje, and T.A. Engh, Metall. Trans. B 19, 745 (1988).
D. Guo and G.A. Irons, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 31, 1447 (2000).
J. Aoki, B. Thomas, J. Peter, and K. Peaslee, Assoc. Iron Steel Technol. 15, 1 (2004).
D. Mazumdar and J.W. Evans, ISIJ Int. 44, 447 (2004).
A. Conejo, S. Kitamura, N. Maruoka, and S. Kim, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 44B, 914 (2013).
Y. Xie and F. Oeters, Steel Res. Int. 63, 93 (1992).
Y. Xie, S. Orsten, and F. Oeters, ISIJ Int. 32, 66 (1992).
D. Mazumdar and R.I.L. Guthrie, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 25, 308 (1994).
D. Mazumdar and R.I.L. Guthrie, ISIJ Int. 34, 384 (1994).
J. Szekely, H. Wang, and K. Kiser, Metall. Trans. B 7, 287 (1976).
T. Roy and A. Majumdar, JOM 33, 42 (1981).
Y. Sahai and R. Guthrie, Metall. Trans. B 13, 193 (1982).
A. Castillejos, M. Salcudean, and J. Brimacombe, Metall. Trans. B 20, 603 (1989).
J. Woo, J. Szekely, A. Castillejos, and J. Brimacombe, Metall. Trans. B 21, 269 (1990).
S. Joo and R.I.L. Guthrie, Metall. Trans. B 23, 765 (1992).
M. Zhu, T. Inomoto, I. Sawada, and T. Hsiao, ISIJ Int. 35, 472 (1995).
M. Zhu, I. Sawada, and N. Yamasaki, ISIJ Int. 36, 503 (1996).
M. Madan, D. Satish, and D. Mazumdar, ISIJ Int. 45, 677 (2005).
H. Turkoglu and B. Farouk, ISIJ Int. 31, 1371 (1991).
L. Zhang, Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 8, 463 (2000).
J.L. Xia, T. Ahokainen, and L. Holappa, Scand. J. Metall. 30, 69 (2001).
G. Venturini and M. Goldschmit, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 38, 461 (2007).
B. Li, H. Yin, C. Zhou, and F. Tsukihashi, ISIJ Int. 48, 1704 (2008).
F.P. Maldonado, M.A. Ramirez, A. Conejo, and C. Gonzalez, ISIJ Int. 51, 1110 (2011).
W. Lou and M. Zhu, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 44, 1251 (2013).
S. Johansen and F. Boysan, Metall. Trans. B 19, 755 (1988).
Y. Sheng and G.A. Irons, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 24, 695 (1993).
D. Guo and G. Irons, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 31, 1457 (2000).
J.E. Olsen and S. Cloete, in International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries (2009).
H. Liu, Z. Qi, and M. Xu, Steel Res. Int. 82, 440 (2011).
L. Li, Z. Liu, M. Cao, and B. Li, JOM 67, 1459 (2015).
Q. Cao and L. Nastac, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 49, 1388 (2018).
J.F. Davidson and B.O.G. Schüler, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 38, 335 (1960).
R. Clift, J.R. Grace, and M.E. Weber, Bubbles, Drops, and Particles (New York: Academic Press, 1978).
M. Ishii and N. Zuber, AIChE J. 25, 843 (1979).
J.T. Kuo and G.B. Wallis, Int. J. Multiph. Flow 14, 547 (1988).
A. Tomiyama, I. Kataoka, I. Zun, and T. Sakaguchi, JSME Int. J. Ser. B 41, 472 (1998).
N.I. Kolev, Multiphase Flow Dynamics 2: Thermal and Mechanical Interactions, 2nd ed. (Berlin: Springer, 2005).
M. Lopez de Bertodano, R.T. Lahey, and O.C. Jones, Int. J. Multiph. Flow 20, 805 (1994).
Y. Sheng and G.A. Irons, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 26, 625 (1995).
M. Pourtousi, J.N. Sahu, and P. Ganesan, Chem. Eng. Process. 75, 38 (2014).
C. Mendez, N. Nigro, and A. Cardona, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 160, 296 (2005).
Z. Li, J. Wei, and B. Yu, Int. J. Multiph. Flow 88, 11 (2017).
V. Armenio and V. Fiorotto, Phys. Fluids 13, 2437 (2001).
T.G. Theofanous and J. Sullivan, J. Fluid Mech. 116, 343 (1982).
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. FRF-TP-15-001C2, FRF-TP-15-067A1, FRF-TP-17-039A1 and FRF-BD-17-010A), Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metals (GREM) and the High Quality steel Consortium (HQSC) at the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering at University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Duan, H., Ren, Y. & Zhang, L. Effects of Interphase Forces on Fluid Flow in Gas-Stirred Steel Ladles Using the Eulerian–Lagrangian Multiphase Approach. JOM 70, 2128–2138 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3045-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3045-3