Abstract
Despite their potential biotechnological applications, cold-active xylanolytic enzymes have been poorly studied. In this work, 38 fungi isolated from marine sponges collected in King George Island, Antarctica, were screened as new sources of cold-active xylanases. All of them showed xylanase activity at 15 and 23 °C in semiquantitative plate assays. One of these isolates, Cladosporium sp., showed the highest activity and was characterized in detail. Cladosporium sp. showed higher xylanolytic activity when grown on beechwood or birchwood xylan and wheat bran, but wheat straw and oat bran were not so good inducers of this activity. The optimal pH for xylanase activity was 6.0, although pH stability was slightly wider (pH 5–7). On the other hand, Cladosporium sp. showed high xylanase activity at low temperatures and very low thermal stability. Interestingly, thermal stability was even lower after culture media were removed and replaced by buffer, suggesting that low molecular component(s) of the culture media could be important in the stabilization of cold-active xylanase activity. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on extracellular xylanase production by fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhou, J., Huang, H., Meng, K., Shi, P., Wang, Y., Luo, H., et al. (2009). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85, 323–333.
Chávez, R., Bull, P., & Eyzaguirre, J. (2006). Journal of Biotechnology, 123, 413–433.
Collins, T., Gerday, C., & Feller, G. (2005). FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 29, 3–23.
Juturu, V., & Wu, J. C. (2012). Biotechnology Advances, 30, 1219–1227.
Zhou, P., Zhu, H., Yan, Q., Katrolia, P., & Jiang, Z. (2011). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 164, 944–956.
Bradner, J. R., Gillings, M., & Nevalainen, K. M. H. (1999). World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 15, 131–132.
Bradner, J. R., Sidhu, R. K., Gillings, M., & Nevalainen, K. M. H. (1999). Journal of Applied Microbiology, 878, 366–370.
Collins, T., Meuwis, M.-A., Stals, I., Claeyssens, M., Feller, G., & Gerday, C. (2002). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 35133–35139.
Ávila, C., Taboada, S., & Núñez-Pons, L. (2007). Marine Ecology, 29, 1–71.
Henríquez, M., Vergara, K., Norambuena, J., Beiza, A., Maza, F., Ubilla, P., et al. (2013). World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. doi:10.1007/s11274-013-1418-x.
Zhou, J., Dong, Y., Tang, X., Li, J., Xu, B., Wu, Q., et al. (2012). Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 501–509.
de García, V., Brizzio, S., Libkind, D., Buzzini, P., & van Broock, M. (2007). FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 59, 331–341.
Bailey, M. J., Biely, P., & Poutanen, K. (2002). Journal of Biotechnology, 23, 257–270.
Bradford, M. M. (1976). Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248–254.
EI-Morsy, E. I. S. M. (2000). Fungal Diversity, 5, 43–54.
Hong, J.-Y., Kim, Y.-H., Jung, M.-H., Jo, C.-W., & Choi, J.-E. (2011). Mycobiology, 39, 306–309.
Chiranjeevi, T., Baby Rani, G., Chandel, A. K., Satish Sekhar, P. V., Prakasham, R. S., & Addepally, U. (2012). Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 6, 1–10.
Knob, A., & Carmona, E. (2008). World Applied Sciences Journal, 4, 277–283.
Medeiros, R. G., Coelho, L. A., & Filho, E. X. F. (2008). Dynamic Biochemistry, Process Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, 2, 30–33.
Xiong, H. (2004). PhD thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland.
Rose, D., & Inglett, G. (2011). Food Analytical Methods, 4, 66–72.
Mahamud, M. R., & Gomes, D. J. (2012). Journal of Scientific Research, 4, 227–238.
Polizeli, M. L. T. M., Rizzatti, A. C. S., Monti, R., Terenzi, H. F., Jorge, J. A., & Amorim, D. S. (2005). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 67, 577–591.
Gomes, J., Gomes, I., & Steiner, W. (2000). Extremophiles, 4, 227–235.
Hou, Y.-H., Wang, T.-H., Long, H., & Zhu, H. Y. (2006). Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 38, 142–149.
Iyer, P. V., & Ananthanarayan, L. (2008). Process Biochemistry, 43, 1019–1032.
Abou-Hachem, M., Olsson, F., & Karlsson, E. N. (2003). Extremophiles, 7, 483–491.
You, C., Yuan, H., Huang, Q., & Lu, H. (2010). African Journal of Biotechnology, 9, 1288–1294.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Instituto Antártico Chileno project INACH G_06-10 and DICYT-USACH (R.C.), FONDECYT grant 11090192 and “Programa Bicentenario de Ciencia y Tecnología” (Chile) project PDA13 (I.V.), FONDECYT grants 1100084 and 1130180 (J.E.), and FONDECYT Postdoctoral Fellowship 3120032 (M.-C. R.).We thank Braulio Paillavil for excellent technical assistance. A. D.-C. thanks Programa de Excelencia Académica IFARHU-MEF (Gobierno de Panamá).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Del-Cid, A., Ubilla, P., Ravanal, MC. et al. Cold-Active Xylanase Produced by Fungi Associated with Antarctic Marine Sponges. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172, 524–532 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0551-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0551-1