Abstract
This report is to our knowledge the first to study plant growth promotion and biocontrol characteristics of Bacillus isolates from extreme environments of Eastern Algeria. Seven isolates of 14 (50 %) were screened for their ability to inhibit growth of some phytopathogenic fungi on PDA and some roots exudates. The bacteria identification based on 16S r-RNA and gyrase-A gene sequence analysis showed that 71 % of the screened isolates belonged to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the rest were closely related to B. atrophaeus and B. mojavensis. Most of them had high spore yields (22 × 108–27 × 108 spores/ml). They produced protease and cellulase cell wall-degrading enzymes while the chitinase activity was only observed in the B. atrophaeus (6SEL). A wide variety of lipopeptides homologous was detected by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry analysis. Interestingly, some additional peaks with new masses were characterized, which may correspond to new fengycin classes. The isolates produced siderophores and indole-3- acetic acid phytohormone. The greenhouse experiment using a naturally infested soil with Sclerotonia sclerotiorum showed that the B. atrophaeus (6SEL) significantly increased the size of the chickpea plants and reduced the stem rot disease (P < 0.05). These results suggest that these isolates may be used further as bio-inoculants to improve crop systems.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Dr. Sabri Ahmed for his help and guidance in DNA sequences analysis and to Dr Nassim Moula for the statistical analysis of the in vivo test data with SAS program. This study was financed by a fellowships European program Erasmus Mundus External Cooperation Window-consortium AVERROES.
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Ait-Kaki, A., Kacem-Chaouche, N., Ongena, M. et al. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus Strains Isolated from Extreme Environments of Eastern Algeria. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172, 1735–1746 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0617-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0617-0