Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Microbial Leaching of Waste Solder for Recovery of Metal

  • Published:
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study proposes an environment-friendly bioleaching process for recovery of metals from solders. Tin-copper (Sn-Cu), tin-copper-silver (Sn-Cu-Ag), and tin-lead (Sn-Pb) solders were used in the current study. The culture supernatant of Aspergillus niger removed metals faster than the culture supernatant of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Also, the metal removal by A. niger culture supernatant is faster for Sn-Cu-Ag solder as compared to other solder types. The effect of various process parameters such as shaking speed, temperature, volume of culture supernatant, and increased solder weight on bioleaching of metals was studied. About 99 (±1.75) % metal dissolution was achieved in 60 h, at 200-rpm shaking speed, 30 °C temperature, and by using 100-ml A. niger culture supernatant. An optimum solder weight for bioleaching was found to be 5 g/l. Addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl) in the bioleached solution from Sn-Cu-Ag precipitated tin (85 ± 0.35 %) and silver (80 ± 0.08 %), respectively. Passing of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas at pH 8.1 selectively precipitated lead (57.18 ± 0.13 %) from the Sn-Pb bioleached solution. The proposed innovative bioleaching process provides an alternative technology for recycling waste solders to conserve resources and protect environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ma, H., & Suhling, J. (2009). Journal of Materials Science, 44, 1141–1158.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lee, J., Song, H., & Yoo, J. (2007). Resources Conservation & Recycling, 50, 380–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Pan, J., Wang, J., & Shaddock, D. (2005). Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging, 2, 72–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yoo, K., Lee, J., Lee, K., Kim, B., Kim, M., Kim, S., et al. (2012). Materials Transactions, 53, 2175–2180.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Turbini, L., Munie, C., Bernier, D., Gamalski, J., & Bergman, D. (2004). IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing, 24, 4–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ramsay, C., Lyons, T., & Hankin, S. (2002). Epidemiology, 13, 624–630.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhao, J. (2008). Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 29, 2341–2344.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cheng, C., Yang, F., Zhao, J., Wang, H., & Li, X. (2011). Corrosion Science, 53, 1738–1747.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rohwerder, T., Gehrke, T., Kinzler, K., & Sand, W. (2003). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 63, 239–248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Xu, T., & Ting, Y. (2004). Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 35, 444–454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Jadhav, U., & Hocheng, H. (2013). Journal of Cleaner Production, 20, 180–185.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Verstraete, W. (2002). Journal of Biotechnology, 94, 93–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Stefan, S., & Nicole, A. (2002). Environmental Management, 30, 68–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Jadhav, U., & Hocheng, H. (2014). Corrosion Science. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2014.01.011.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jadhav, U., Hocheng, H., & Weng, W. (2013). Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 213, 1509–1515.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Xu, T., & Ting, Y. (2009). Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 44, 323–328.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Alvarez, M., Crespo, C., & Mattiasson, B. (2007). Chemosphere, 66, 1677–1683.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mishra, M., Pradhan, M., Sukla, L., & Mishra, B. (2010). Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 42, 2011–2013.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Morley, G., Sayer, J., Wilkinson, S., Gharieb, M., & Gadd, G. (1996). (Frankland J., Magan N., Gadd G., Eds.) pp. 235–256. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

  20. Mulligan, C., Kamali, M., Bernard, F., & Gibbs, F. (2004). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 110, 77–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Anjum, F., Shahid, M., & Akcil, A. (2012). Hydrometallurgy, 117, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Vestola, E., Kuusenaho, M., Närhi, H., Tuovinen, O., Puhakka, J., Plumb, J., et al. (2010). Hydrometallurgy, 103, 74–79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mecucci, A., & Scott, K. (2002). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 77, 449–457.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Espiari, S., Rashchi, F., & Sadrnezhaad, S. (2006). Hydrometallurgy, 82, 54–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bayrak, B., Lacin, O., & Sarac, H. (2010). Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16, 479–484.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Aung, K., & Ting, Y. (2005). Journal of Biotechnology, 116, 159–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mehta, K., Das, C., & Pandey, B. (2010). Hydrometallurgy, 105, 89–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Brandl, H., Bosshard, R., & Wegmann, M. (2001). Hydrometallurgy, 59, 319–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Amiri, F., Yaghmaei, S., Mousavi, S., & Sheibani, S. (2011). Hydrometallurgy, 109, 65–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Anjum, F., Bhatti, H., & Ghauri, M. (2010). Hydrometallurgy, 100, 122–128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The current research is supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under contract 100-2221-E-007-015-MY3.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec.2, Kuang Fu Rd., 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China

    H. Hocheng, T. Hong & U. Jadhav

Authors
  1. H. Hocheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Hong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. U. Jadhav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. Hocheng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hocheng, H., Hong, T. & Jadhav, U. Microbial Leaching of Waste Solder for Recovery of Metal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 173, 193–204 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0833-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0833-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation