Synthesis, growth, optical, mechanical and electrical properties of L-lysine L-lysinium dichloride nitrate (L-LLDN) single crystal

Abstract

Semi-organic nonlinear optical material, L-lysine L-lysinium dichloride nitrate (2C₆H₁₅N₂O$_{2}^{+}$ · H⁺ · NO$_{3}^{-}$ · 2Cl⁻) was synthesized at room temperature. Single crystals of L-LLDN were grown by slow cooling solution growth technique. The grown crystal was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystalline perfection of the grown single crystal was characterized by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) studies. The cut-off wavelength was determined by UV-vis transmission spectral analysis. The frequency doubling of the grown crystal was confirmed by powder second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement. The refractive index and birefringence of the crystal were determined using He–Ne laser source. Mechanical property of the crystal was determined by Vickers hardness tester. The frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric constant (ε _r), dielectric loss (tan δ) and a.c. conductivity (σ _ac) were also measured.