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GIS-based prediction of groundwater fluoride contamination zones in Telangana, India

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Abstract

Groundwater is the only perennial water resource available to rural communities, especially in semi-arid regions. This study aims to provide an overview of fluoride-contaminated groundwater in the Telangana, India, by predicting potentially affected areas. The prevalence of endemic fluorosis in different parts of Telangana has been widely reported. Therefore, it is necessary to demarcate the fluoride-affected areas to adopt the remedial measures. In this context, the available information on related environmental variables such as geological settings, hydro-morphological inputs, climatic information and soil properties have been integrated as thematic layers in an ArcGIS environment. The thematic layers and their features were assigned with suitable weights, which were normalised using the analytic hierarchy process to obtain final ranks and the weighted overlay analysis method was carried out to delineate the potential fluoride contamination (PFC) zones. The entire state was classified into four broad categories, i.e., very high (17.6%), high (15.8%), medium (32.7%) and low (33.9%), in terms of groundwater fluoride enrichment. A comparison of the output map and the reported data indicates that the PFC zone model could explain 68.7% of fluoride variation. This study is the first such attempt to offer a regional-scale PFC zone for an entire state and offers a first-hand insight into the severity of fluoride contamination.

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Acknowledgements

KKR is grateful to the DST-Inspire Fellowship Program, India, for providing financial support (IF150795). HG thanks UGC for the faculty position under the Faculty Recharge Programme. The authors would also like to thank the director, CSIR–National Geophysical Research Institute. The accessible database online on the portals of Central Ground Water Board, Survey of India, NRSC–Bhuvan, Geological Survey of India and WRIS India, were greatly helpful in carrying out this study. We are grateful to AE Subimal Ghosh and the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews and comments on the original manuscript.

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  1. CSIR–National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500 007, India

    S Kiran Kumar Reddy, Dinesh Kumar Sahadevan & Dontireddy Venkat Reddy

  2. Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

    Harish Gupta

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  1. S Kiran Kumar Reddy
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  2. Dinesh Kumar Sahadevan
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Correspondence to Harish Gupta.

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Corresponding editor: Subimal Ghosh

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Reddy, S.K.K., Sahadevan, D.K., Gupta, H. et al. GIS-based prediction of groundwater fluoride contamination zones in Telangana, India. J Earth Syst Sci 128, 132 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-019-1151-4

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