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Erschienen in: Energy Efficiency 4/2010

01.11.2010

Electricity and water consumption for laundry washing by washing machine worldwide

verfasst von: Christiane Pakula, Rainer Stamminger

Erschienen in: Energy Efficiency | Ausgabe 4/2010

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Abstract

Washing laundry is one of the most widespread housework in the world. Today, washing machines do this work in many private households, using water, electricity, chemical substances, and process time. Although energy efficiency is in the focus of many regulations which have already achieved significant improvements, the question remains, how relevant these processes are in terms of the absolute impact on resources and whether there are possibilities to improve even further by looking abroad. This survey, which is based on published data, compares the energy and water consumption for automatic laundry washing in an average private household with the total energy and water consumption of private households. Only little data are available on resource consumption for laundry washing and reliable figures based on in-use measurements are hard to obtain. But although some of the data in this report are poor, this is the first work that tries to elucidate the contribution of automatic laundry washing to the total electricity and water consumption of households in selected countries worldwide. The report estimates the resource consumption of roughly 590,000,000 washing machines in 38 countries with about 2.3 billion people, which is about one third of the world population. The results of this work show that laundry washing in private households is done with quite different amounts of electricity and water in different parts of the world both in absolute and relative comparison to the overall household consumption. But due to different consumer habits in dealing with the achieved washing performance in the different global regions, the best practice in washing laundry in a most sustainable way cannot be determined yet. Further research is needed to form a basis for a most sustainable development of resource consumption in private households.

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Fußnoten
1
Uncertain figure calculated on basis of the nonofficial information (das Zeitbild) that the electricity consumption of Chinese households is about 10% of the US household consumption.
 
2
The Turkish household size is 4.1 persons, which leads to the high number of 211 wash cycles. The electricity consumption per wash cycle is about 1.35 kWh, which is quite high, and in contrast, the total electricity consumption is only 1.7 MWh/year. This constellation causes the very high share of 16.8%.
 
3
The figures for Europe are incomplete. UK does not provide information about water consumption of households because, in most buildings, water meters are missing. Ireland, Cyprus, Malta, and Slovakia could also not be considered, but as weighted averages are calculated, the influence on the result is not significant.
 
4
Uncertain figure calculated on the basis of total water consumption of the domestic sector in China published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration 2005.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Electricity and water consumption for laundry washing by washing machine worldwide
verfasst von
Christiane Pakula
Rainer Stamminger
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2010
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Energy Efficiency / Ausgabe 4/2010
Print ISSN: 1570-646X
Elektronische ISSN: 1570-6478
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-009-9072-8

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