Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Energy Efficiency 1/2018

21.08.2017 | Original Article

A systematic approach in appliance disaggregation using k-nearest neighbours and naive Bayes classifiers for energy efficiency

verfasst von: Chuan Choong Yang, Chit Siang Soh, Vooi Voon Yap

Erschienen in: Energy Efficiency | Ausgabe 1/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

One of the ways to achieve energy efficiency in various residential electrical appliances is with energy usage feedback. Research work done showed that with energy usage feedback, behavioural changes by consumers to reduce electricity consumption contribute significantly to energy efficiency in residential energy usage. In order to improve on the appliance-level energy usage feedback, appliance disaggregation or non-intrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM) methodology is utilized. NIALM is a methodology used to disaggregate total power consumption into individual electrical appliance power usage. In this paper, the electrical signature features from the publicly available REDD data set are extracted by the combination of identifying the ON or OFF events of appliances and goodness-of-fit (GOF) event detection algorithm. The k-nearest neighbours (k-NN) and naive Bayes classifiers are deployed for appliances’ classification. It is observed that the size of the training sets effects classification accuracy of the classifiers. The novelty of this paper is a systematic approach of NIALM using few training examples with two generic classifiers (k-NN and naive Bayes) and one feature (power) with the combination of ON-OFF based approach and GOF technique for event detection. In this work, we demonstrated that the two trained classifiers are able to classify the individual electrical appliances with satisfactory accuracy level in order to improve on the feedback for energy efficiency.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Alasalmi, T., Suutala, J., Röning, J., (2012). Real-Time Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitor - Feedback System for Single-point per Appliance Electricity Usage. In Proceedings of SMARTGREENS 2012 - International Conference on Smart Grids and Green IT Systems, SciTePress, 2012, pp. 203–208. Alasalmi, T., Suutala, J., Röning, J., (2012). Real-Time Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitor - Feedback System for Single-point per Appliance Electricity Usage. In Proceedings of SMARTGREENS 2012 - International Conference on Smart Grids and Green IT Systems, SciTePress, 2012, pp. 203–208.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson, K., Berges, M., Ocneanu, A., Benitez, D., Moura, J.M.F., (2012). Event detection for non intrusive load monitoring. In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), Montreal, Canada, 25–28, pp. 3312–3317. Anderson, K., Berges, M., Ocneanu, A., Benitez, D., Moura, J.M.F., (2012). Event detection for non intrusive load monitoring. In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), Montreal, Canada, 25–28, pp. 3312–3317.
Zurück zum Zitat Arias-Castro, E., & Donoho, D. L. (2009). Does median filtering truly preserve edges better than linear filtering? Annals of Statistics, 37, 1172–1206.MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Arias-Castro, E., & Donoho, D. L. (2009). Does median filtering truly preserve edges better than linear filtering? Annals of Statistics, 37, 1172–1206.MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Ashari, A., Paryudi, I., & Tjao, A. M. (2013). Performance comparison between Naïve Bayes, decision tree and k-nearest neighbor in searching alternative design in an energy simulation tool. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 4(11), 33–39.CrossRef Ashari, A., Paryudi, I., & Tjao, A. M. (2013). Performance comparison between Naïve Bayes, decision tree and k-nearest neighbor in searching alternative design in an energy simulation tool. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 4(11), 33–39.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baets, L. D., Ruyssinck, J., Develder, C., Dhaene, T., & Deschrijver, D. (2017). On the Bayesian optimization and robustness of event detection methods in NILM. Energy and Buildings, 145, 57–66.CrossRef Baets, L. D., Ruyssinck, J., Develder, C., Dhaene, T., & Deschrijver, D. (2017). On the Bayesian optimization and robustness of event detection methods in NILM. Energy and Buildings, 145, 57–66.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Barker, S., Musthag, M., Irwin, D., Shenoy, P. (2014). Non-Intrusive Load Identification for Smart Outlets, in: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm 2014), Venice, Italy, 3–6 November 2014. Barker, S., Musthag, M., Irwin, D., Shenoy, P. (2014). Non-Intrusive Load Identification for Smart Outlets, in: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm 2014), Venice, Italy, 3–6 November 2014.
Zurück zum Zitat Basu, K. (2014). Classification techniques for non-intrusive load monitoring and prediction of residential loads. Electric power. Université de Grenoble. English. <NNT: 2014GRENT089>.<tel-01162610>. Basu, K. (2014). Classification techniques for non-intrusive load monitoring and prediction of residential loads. Electric power. Université de Grenoble. English. <NNT: 2014GRENT089>.<tel-01162610>.
Zurück zum Zitat Basu, K., Debusschere, V., Bacha, S., Maulik, U., Bondyopadhyay, S. (2015a). Nonintrusive Load Monitoring: A Temporal Multilabel Classification Approach, IEEE Transactions On Industrial Informatics, Vol. 11, No. 1. Basu, K., Debusschere, V., Bacha, S., Maulik, U., Bondyopadhyay, S. (2015a). Nonintrusive Load Monitoring: A Temporal Multilabel Classification Approach, IEEE Transactions On Industrial Informatics, Vol. 11, No. 1.
Zurück zum Zitat Basu, K., Debusscherea, V., Douzal-Chouakria, A., & Bacha, S. (2015b). Time series distance-based methods for non-intrusive load monitoring in residential buildings. Energy and Buildings, 96, 109–117.CrossRef Basu, K., Debusscherea, V., Douzal-Chouakria, A., & Bacha, S. (2015b). Time series distance-based methods for non-intrusive load monitoring in residential buildings. Energy and Buildings, 96, 109–117.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Berges, M., Goldman, E., Matthews, H.S., Soibelman, L. (2009). Learning Systems for Electric Consumption of Buildings. In Proceedings of ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering, Austin, TX, USA, 24–27. Berges, M., Goldman, E., Matthews, H.S., Soibelman, L. (2009). Learning Systems for Electric Consumption of Buildings. In Proceedings of ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering, Austin, TX, USA, 24–27.
Zurück zum Zitat Berges, M., Goldman, E., Matthews, H. S., & Soibelman, L. (2010). Enhancing electricity audits in residential buildings with nonintrusive load monitoring. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 14, 844–858.CrossRef Berges, M., Goldman, E., Matthews, H. S., & Soibelman, L. (2010). Enhancing electricity audits in residential buildings with nonintrusive load monitoring. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 14, 844–858.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Berges, M., Goldman, E., Matthews, H. S., Soibelman, L., & Anderson, K. (2011). User-centered non-intrusive electricity load monitoring for residential buildings. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 25, 471–480.CrossRef Berges, M., Goldman, E., Matthews, H. S., Soibelman, L., & Anderson, K. (2011). User-centered non-intrusive electricity load monitoring for residential buildings. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 25, 471–480.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carrie Armel, K., Gupta, A., Shrimali, G., & Albert, A. (2013). Is disaggregation the holy grail of energy efficiency? The case of electricity. Energ Policy, 52, 213–234.CrossRef Carrie Armel, K., Gupta, A., Shrimali, G., & Albert, A. (2013). Is disaggregation the holy grail of energy efficiency? The case of electricity. Energ Policy, 52, 213–234.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chahine, K., Drissi, K., Pasquier, C., Kerrroum, K., Faure, C., Jounnet, T., Michou, M. (2011). Electric load disaggregation in smart metering using a novel feature extraction method and supervised classification. In Proceedings of MEDGREEN 2011, Beirut, Lebanon, Energy Procedia, 6, pp. 627–632. Chahine, K., Drissi, K., Pasquier, C., Kerrroum, K., Faure, C., Jounnet, T., Michou, M. (2011). Electric load disaggregation in smart metering using a novel feature extraction method and supervised classification. In Proceedings of MEDGREEN 2011, Beirut, Lebanon, Energy Procedia, 6, pp. 627–632.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang, H. H. (2012). Non-intrusive demand monitoring and load identification for energy management systems based on transient feature analyses. Energies, 5, 4569–4589.CrossRef Chang, H. H. (2012). Non-intrusive demand monitoring and load identification for energy management systems based on transient feature analyses. Energies, 5, 4569–4589.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chang, H.H., Yang, H.T., Lin, C.L. (2008). Load identification in neural networks for a non-intrusive monitoring of industrial electrical loads. In Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design IV; Springer: Berlin, Germany, pp. 664–674. Chang, H.H., Yang, H.T., Lin, C.L. (2008). Load identification in neural networks for a non-intrusive monitoring of industrial electrical loads. In Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design IV; Springer: Berlin, Germany, pp. 664–674.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang, H.H., Lin, C.L., Lee, J.K. (2010). Load identification in nonintrusive load monitoring using steady-state and turn-on transient energy algorithms. In Proceedings of the 2010 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), Shanghai, China, 14–16, pp. 27–32. Chang, H.H., Lin, C.L., Lee, J.K. (2010). Load identification in nonintrusive load monitoring using steady-state and turn-on transient energy algorithms. In Proceedings of the 2010 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), Shanghai, China, 14–16, pp. 27–32.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang, H. H., Lian, K. L., Su, Y. C., & Lee, W. J. (2014). Power Spectrum-based wavelet transform for non-intrusive demand monitoring and load identification. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50, 2081–2089.CrossRef Chang, H. H., Lian, K. L., Su, Y. C., & Lee, W. J. (2014). Power Spectrum-based wavelet transform for non-intrusive demand monitoring and load identification. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50, 2081–2089.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cochran, W. G. (1952). The χ 2 test of goodness of fit. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 23, 315–415.CrossRefMATH Cochran, W. G. (1952). The χ 2 test of goodness of fit. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 23, 315–415.CrossRefMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Cover, T. M., & Hart, P. E. (1967). Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 13, 21–27.CrossRefMATH Cover, T. M., & Hart, P. E. (1967). Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 13, 21–27.CrossRefMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Darby, S. (2006). The effectiveness of feedback on energy consumption: A review for DEFRA of the literature on metering, billing and direct displays. Oxford: Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford. Darby, S. (2006). The effectiveness of feedback on energy consumption: A review for DEFRA of the literature on metering, billing and direct displays. Oxford: Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis, J., Goadrich, M. (2006). The relationship between precision-recall and ROC curves. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 25-29, pp. 233–240. Davis, J., Goadrich, M. (2006). The relationship between precision-recall and ROC curves. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 25-29, pp. 233–240.
Zurück zum Zitat Duda R.O., Hart P.E., Stork D.G. (2000). Pattern Classification, second ed., Wiley-Interscience, pp. 182–187. Duda R.O., Hart P.E., Stork D.G. (2000). Pattern Classification, second ed., Wiley-Interscience, pp. 182–187.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehrhardt-Martinez, K., Donnelly, K. A., & Laitner, J. A. (2010). Advanced Metering Initiatives and Residential Feedback Programs: A Meta-Review for Household Electricity-Saving Opportunities. Technical Reports E105. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. Ehrhardt-Martinez, K., Donnelly, K. A., & Laitner, J. A. (2010). Advanced Metering Initiatives and Residential Feedback Programs: A Meta-Review for Household Electricity-Saving Opportunities. Technical Reports E105. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.
Zurück zum Zitat Faruqui, A., Sergici, S., & Sharif, A. (2010). The impact of informational feedback on energy consumption—A survey of the experimental evidence. Energy, 35(4), 1598–1608.CrossRef Faruqui, A., Sergici, S., & Sharif, A. (2010). The impact of informational feedback on energy consumption—A survey of the experimental evidence. Energy, 35(4), 1598–1608.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Figueiredo M., de Almeida A., Ribeiro B. (2011). An experimental study on electrical signature identification of Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) systems In Adaptive and Natural Computing Algorithms, Springer, Berlin, Germany, Volume 6594, pp. 31–40. Figueiredo M., de Almeida A., Ribeiro B. (2011). An experimental study on electrical signature identification of Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) systems In Adaptive and Natural Computing Algorithms, Springer, Berlin, Germany, Volume 6594, pp. 31–40.
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer, C. (2008). Feedback on household electricity consumption: A tool for saving energy? Energy Efficiency, 1(1), 79–104.CrossRef Fischer, C. (2008). Feedback on household electricity consumption: A tool for saving energy? Energy Efficiency, 1(1), 79–104.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Forman, G., & Cohen, I. (2004). Learning from little: Comparison of classifiers given little training. Knowledge Discovery in Databases: PKDD, 2004, 161–172. Forman, G., & Cohen, I. (2004). Learning from little: Comparison of classifiers given little training. Knowledge Discovery in Databases: PKDD, 2004, 161–172.
Zurück zum Zitat Froehlich J. (2009). "Promoting Energy Efficient Behaviors in the Home through Feedback: The Role of Human-Computer Interaction," Human Computer Interaction Consortium 2009 Winter Workshop. Froehlich J. (2009). "Promoting Energy Efficient Behaviors in the Home through Feedback: The Role of Human-Computer Interaction," Human Computer Interaction Consortium 2009 Winter Workshop.
Zurück zum Zitat Froehlich, J., Larson, E., Gupta, S., Cohn, G., Reynolds, M., & Patel, S. (2011). Disaggregated end-use energy sensing for the smart grid. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 10, 28–39.CrossRef Froehlich, J., Larson, E., Gupta, S., Cohn, G., Reynolds, M., & Patel, S. (2011). Disaggregated end-use energy sensing for the smart grid. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 10, 28–39.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Giri, S., Berges, M., & Rowe, A. (2013a). Towards automated appliance recognition using an EMF sensor in NILM platforms. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 27, 477–485.CrossRef Giri, S., Berges, M., & Rowe, A. (2013a). Towards automated appliance recognition using an EMF sensor in NILM platforms. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 27, 477–485.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Giri, S., Lai, P., Berges, M. (2013b). Novel Techniques For ON and OFF states detection of appliances for Power Estimation in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring. In Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining (ISARC), Montreal, Canada, pp. 522–530. Giri, S., Lai, P., Berges, M. (2013b). Novel Techniques For ON and OFF states detection of appliances for Power Estimation in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring. In Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining (ISARC), Montreal, Canada, pp. 522–530.
Zurück zum Zitat Goncalves, H., Ocneanu, A., Berges, M., Fan, R.H. (2011). Unsupervised Disaggregation of Appliances Using Aggregated Consumption Data. In Proceedings of KDD 2011 Workshop on Data Mining Applications for Sustainability, San Diego, CA, USA, 21–24 August 2011. Goncalves, H., Ocneanu, A., Berges, M., Fan, R.H. (2011). Unsupervised Disaggregation of Appliances Using Aggregated Consumption Data. In Proceedings of KDD 2011 Workshop on Data Mining Applications for Sustainability, San Diego, CA, USA, 21–24 August 2011.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta, S., Reynolds, M.S., Patel, S.N. (2010). ElectriSense: Single-point sensing using EMI for electrical event detection and classification in the home. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, Copenhagen, Denmark, 26–29, pp. 139–148. Gupta, S., Reynolds, M.S., Patel, S.N. (2010). ElectriSense: Single-point sensing using EMI for electrical event detection and classification in the home. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, Copenhagen, Denmark, 26–29, pp. 139–148.
Zurück zum Zitat Hart, G. W. (1992). Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80, 1870–1891.CrossRef Hart, G. W. (1992). Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80, 1870–1891.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jazizadeh, F., Becerik-Gerber, B., Berges, M., & Soibelman, L. (2014). An unsupervised hierarchical clustering based heuristic algorithm for facilitated training of electricity consumption disaggregation systems. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 28, 311–326.CrossRef Jazizadeh, F., Becerik-Gerber, B., Berges, M., & Soibelman, L. (2014). An unsupervised hierarchical clustering based heuristic algorithm for facilitated training of electricity consumption disaggregation systems. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 28, 311–326.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jin, Y., Tebekaemi, E., Berges, M., Soibelman, L. (2011). Robust adaptive event detection in non-intrusive load monitoring for energy aware smart facilities. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Prague, Czech Republic, 22–27, pp. 4340–4343. Jin, Y., Tebekaemi, E., Berges, M., Soibelman, L. (2011). Robust adaptive event detection in non-intrusive load monitoring for energy aware smart facilities. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Prague, Czech Republic, 22–27, pp. 4340–4343.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, M. J., & Willsky, A. S. (2013). Bayesian nonparametric hidden semi- Markov models. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 14(1), 673–701.MathSciNetMATH Johnson, M. J., & Willsky, A. S. (2013). Bayesian nonparametric hidden semi- Markov models. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 14(1), 673–701.MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Kato, T., Cho, H.S., Lee, D. (2009). Appliance recognition from electric current signals for information-energy integrated network in home environments. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics, Tours, France, 1–3 July 2009, Volume 5597, pp. 150–157. Kato, T., Cho, H.S., Lee, D. (2009). Appliance recognition from electric current signals for information-energy integrated network in home environments. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics, Tours, France, 1–3 July 2009, Volume 5597, pp. 150–157.
Zurück zum Zitat Kelly J, Knottenbelt W, Neural NILM (2015). Deep Neural Networks Applied to Energy Disaggregation, Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments, November 04–05, 2015, Seoul, South Korea. Kelly J, Knottenbelt W, Neural NILM (2015). Deep Neural Networks Applied to Energy Disaggregation, Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments, November 04–05, 2015, Seoul, South Korea.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, H., Marwah, M., Arlitt, M., Lyon, G., Han, J. (2011). Unsupervised disaggregation of low frequency power measurements. In Proceedings of the 11th SIAM international conference on data mining, mesa, AZ, USA, 28–30, pp. 747–758. Kim, H., Marwah, M., Arlitt, M., Lyon, G., Han, J. (2011). Unsupervised disaggregation of low frequency power measurements. In Proceedings of the 11th SIAM international conference on data mining, mesa, AZ, USA, 28–30, pp. 747–758.
Zurück zum Zitat Kohavi, R., & Provost, F. (1998). Glossary of terms. Machine Learning, 30(2/3), 271–274.CrossRef Kohavi, R., & Provost, F. (1998). Glossary of terms. Machine Learning, 30(2/3), 271–274.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kolter, J.Z., Jaakkola, T. (2012). Approximate Inference in Additive Factorial HMMs with Application to Energy Disaggregation. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), pp. 1472–1482. Kolter, J.Z., Jaakkola, T. (2012). Approximate Inference in Additive Factorial HMMs with Application to Energy Disaggregation. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), pp. 1472–1482.
Zurück zum Zitat Kolter, J.Z., Johnson, M.J. (2011). REDD: A Public Data Set for Energy Disaggregation Research. In Proceedings of the SustKDD Workshop on Data Mining Applications in Sustainability, San Diego,CA, USA, pp. 1–6. Kolter, J.Z., Johnson, M.J. (2011). REDD: A Public Data Set for Energy Disaggregation Research. In Proceedings of the SustKDD Workshop on Data Mining Applications in Sustainability, San Diego,CA, USA, pp. 1–6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kramer, O., Wilken, O., Beenken, P., Hein, A., Klingenberg, T., Meinecke, C., Raabe, T., Sonnenschein, M. (2012). On Ensemble Classifiers for Nonintrusive Appliance Load Monitoring. In Proceeding of the 7th international conference on Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, Part I, pp. 322–331. Kramer, O., Wilken, O., Beenken, P., Hein, A., Klingenberg, T., Meinecke, C., Raabe, T., Sonnenschein, M. (2012). On Ensemble Classifiers for Nonintrusive Appliance Load Monitoring. In Proceeding of the 7th international conference on Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, Part I, pp. 322–331.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, J., West, S., Platt, G. (2012). Power decomposition based on SVM regression. In Proceedings of International Conference on Modelling, Identification Control, Wuhan, China, 24–26, pp. 1195–1199. Li, J., West, S., Platt, G. (2012). Power decomposition based on SVM regression. In Proceedings of International Conference on Modelling, Identification Control, Wuhan, China, 24–26, pp. 1195–1199.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, Y., Peng, Z., Huang, J., Zhang, Z, Jae, H.S. (2014). Energy Disaggregation via Hierarchical Factorial HMM. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM). Li, Y., Peng, Z., Huang, J., Zhang, Z, Jae, H.S. (2014). Energy Disaggregation via Hierarchical Factorial HMM. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM).
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, G.Y., Lee, S.C., Hsu, Y.J., Jih, W.R. (2010a). Applying power meters for appliance recognition on the electric panel. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Melbourne, Australia, 15–17, pp. 2254–2259. Lin, G.Y., Lee, S.C., Hsu, Y.J., Jih, W.R. (2010a). Applying power meters for appliance recognition on the electric panel. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Melbourne, Australia, 15–17, pp. 2254–2259.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, G.Y., Lee, S.C., Hsu, Y.J., Jih, W.R. (2010b). Applying power meters for appliance recognition on the electric panel. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Taichung, Taiwan, 15–17, pp. 2254–2259. Lin, G.Y., Lee, S.C., Hsu, Y.J., Jih, W.R. (2010b). Applying power meters for appliance recognition on the electric panel. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Taichung, Taiwan, 15–17, pp. 2254–2259.
Zurück zum Zitat Makonin, S., & Popowich, F. (2015). Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) performance evaluation. Energy Efficiency, 8(4), 809–814.CrossRef Makonin, S., & Popowich, F. (2015). Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) performance evaluation. Energy Efficiency, 8(4), 809–814.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Makonin, S.; Popowich, F.; Bajic, I.V.; Gill, B.; Bartram, L. (2015). "Exploiting HMM sparsity to perform online real-time nonintrusive load monitoring," in Smart Grid, IEEE Transactions on, vol. PP, no.99, pp.1–11. Makonin, S.; Popowich, F.; Bajic, I.V.; Gill, B.; Bartram, L. (2015). "Exploiting HMM sparsity to perform online real-time nonintrusive load monitoring," in Smart Grid, IEEE Transactions on, vol. PP, no.99, pp.1–11.
Zurück zum Zitat Marceau, M. L., & Zmeureanu, R. (2000). Nonintrusive load disaggregation computer program to estimate the energy consumption of major end uses in residential buildings. Energy Conversion and Management, 41, 1389–1403.CrossRef Marceau, M. L., & Zmeureanu, R. (2000). Nonintrusive load disaggregation computer program to estimate the energy consumption of major end uses in residential buildings. Energy Conversion and Management, 41, 1389–1403.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marchiori, A., Han, Q. (2009). Using Circuit-Level Power Measurements in Household Energy Management Systems. In Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings, (BuildSys 09), ACM Press, pp. 7–12. Marchiori, A., Han, Q. (2009). Using Circuit-Level Power Measurements in Household Energy Management Systems. In Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings, (BuildSys 09), ACM Press, pp. 7–12.
Zurück zum Zitat Marchiori, A., Hakkarinen, D., Han, Q., & Earle, L. (2011). Circuit-level load monitoring for household energy management. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 10, 40–48.CrossRef Marchiori, A., Hakkarinen, D., Han, Q., & Earle, L. (2011). Circuit-level load monitoring for household energy management. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 10, 40–48.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Meehan, P., McArdle, C., & Daniels, S. (2014). An efficient, scalable time-frequency method for tracking energy usage of domestic appliances using a two-step classification algorithm. Energies, 7, 7041–7066.CrossRef Meehan, P., McArdle, C., & Daniels, S. (2014). An efficient, scalable time-frequency method for tracking energy usage of domestic appliances using a two-step classification algorithm. Energies, 7, 7041–7066.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Parson, O., Ghosh, S., Weal, M. J., & Rogers, A. (2014). An unsupervised training method for non-intrusive appliance load monitoring. Artificial Intelligence, 217, 1–19.CrossRefMATH Parson, O., Ghosh, S., Weal, M. J., & Rogers, A. (2014). An unsupervised training method for non-intrusive appliance load monitoring. Artificial Intelligence, 217, 1–19.CrossRefMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Patel, S.N., Robertson, T., Kientz, J.A., Reynolds, M.S., Abowd, G.D. (2007). At the Flick of a switch: Detecting and classifying unique electrical events on the residential power line. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, Innsbruck, Austria, 16–19, pp. 271–288. Patel, S.N., Robertson, T., Kientz, J.A., Reynolds, M.S., Abowd, G.D. (2007). At the Flick of a switch: Detecting and classifying unique electrical events on the residential power line. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, Innsbruck, Austria, 16–19, pp. 271–288.
Zurück zum Zitat Powers, D. M. W. (2011). Evaluation: From precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, Informedness, Markedness and correlation. Journal of Machine Learning Technologies, 2, 37–63. Powers, D. M. W. (2011). Evaluation: From precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, Informedness, Markedness and correlation. Journal of Machine Learning Technologies, 2, 37–63.
Zurück zum Zitat Rahimi, S., Chan, A.D.C., Goubran, R.A. (2012). Nonintrusive load monitoring of electrical devices in health smart homes. In Proceedings of IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), Graz, 13-16, pp. 2313–2316. Rahimi, S., Chan, A.D.C., Goubran, R.A. (2012). Nonintrusive load monitoring of electrical devices in health smart homes. In Proceedings of IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), Graz, 13-16, pp. 2313–2316.
Zurück zum Zitat Roos, J., Lane, I., Botha, E., Hancke, G. (1994). Using neural networks for non-intrusive monitoring of industrial electrical loads. In Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Hamamatsu; IEEE: 10-12, pp. 1115–1118. Roos, J., Lane, I., Botha, E., Hancke, G. (1994). Using neural networks for non-intrusive monitoring of industrial electrical loads. In Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Hamamatsu; IEEE: 10-12, pp. 1115–1118.
Zurück zum Zitat Saitoh, T., Aota, Y., Osaki, T., Konishi, R., & Sugahara, K. (2010). Current sensor based home appliance and state of appliance recognition. SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration, 3, 86–93.CrossRef Saitoh, T., Aota, Y., Osaki, T., Konishi, R., & Sugahara, K. (2010). Current sensor based home appliance and state of appliance recognition. SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration, 3, 86–93.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Salperwyck, C., Lemaire, V. (2011). Learning with few examples: An empirical study on leading classifiers. In Proceedings of The 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2011), San Jose, California, USA, pp. 1010–1019. Salperwyck, C., Lemaire, V. (2011). Learning with few examples: An empirical study on leading classifiers. In Proceedings of The 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2011), San Jose, California, USA, pp. 1010–1019.
Zurück zum Zitat Shao, H., Marwah, M., Ramakrishnan, N. (2012). A Temporal Motif Mining Approach to Unsupervised Energy Disaggregation. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 7. Shao, H., Marwah, M., Ramakrishnan, N. (2012). A Temporal Motif Mining Approach to Unsupervised Energy Disaggregation. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 7.
Zurück zum Zitat Spiegel, S., Albayrak, S. (2014). Energy disaggregation meets heating control. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, 24–28. Spiegel, S., Albayrak, S. (2014). Energy disaggregation meets heating control. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, 24–28.
Zurück zum Zitat Srinivasan, D., Ng, W., & Liew, A. (2006). Neural-network-based signature recognition for harmonic source identification. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21, 398–405.CrossRef Srinivasan, D., Ng, W., & Liew, A. (2006). Neural-network-based signature recognition for harmonic source identification. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21, 398–405.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, Z., & Zheng, G. (2012). Residential appliances identification and monitoring by a nonintrusive method. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3, 80–92.CrossRef Wang, Z., & Zheng, G. (2012). Residential appliances identification and monitoring by a nonintrusive method. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3, 80–92.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wong, Y.F., Ahmet Sekercioglu, Y., Drummond, T., Wong, V.S. (2013). Recent approaches to non-intrusive load monitoring techniques in residential settings. In Proceedings of the 2013 I.E. symposium on computational intelligence applications in smart grid (CIASG), Singapore, 16-19, pp. 73–79. Wong, Y.F., Ahmet Sekercioglu, Y., Drummond, T., Wong, V.S. (2013). Recent approaches to non-intrusive load monitoring techniques in residential settings. In Proceedings of the 2013 I.E. symposium on computational intelligence applications in smart grid (CIASG), Singapore, 16-19, pp. 73–79.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, X., Kumar, V., Quinlan, J. R., Ghosh, J., Yang, Q., Motoda, H., McLachlan, G. J., Ng, A., Liu, B., Philip, S. Y., et al. (2008). Top 10 algorithms in data mining. Knowledge and Information Systems, 14, 1–37.CrossRef Wu, X., Kumar, V., Quinlan, J. R., Ghosh, J., Yang, Q., Motoda, H., McLachlan, G. J., Ng, A., Liu, B., Philip, S. Y., et al. (2008). Top 10 algorithms in data mining. Knowledge and Information Systems, 14, 1–37.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang, C.C., Soh, C.S., Yap, V.V. (2014). Comparative Study of Event Detection Methods for Non-intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2014), Taipei City, Taiwan, 30 May – 2 June 2014, Energy Procedia, pp. 1840–1843. Yang, C.C., Soh, C.S., Yap, V.V. (2014). Comparative Study of Event Detection Methods for Non-intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2014), Taipei City, Taiwan, 30 May – 2 June 2014, Energy Procedia, pp. 1840–1843.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang, C. C., Soh, C. S., & Yap, V. V. (2015). A systematic approach to ON-OFF event detection and clustering analysis for non-intrusive appliance load monitoring. Frontiers in Energy, Frontiers in Energy, 9(2), 231–237.CrossRef Yang, C. C., Soh, C. S., & Yap, V. V. (2015). A systematic approach to ON-OFF event detection and clustering analysis for non-intrusive appliance load monitoring. Frontiers in Energy, Frontiers in Energy, 9(2), 231–237.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang, C. C., Soh, C. S., & Yap, V. V. (2016). A Systematic Approach in Load Disaggregation Utilizing a Multi-Stage Classification Algorithm for Consumer Electrical Appliances Classification. Frontiers in Energy, Springer, (Accepted 12.October. 2016). doi:10.1007/s11708-017-0497-z. Yang, C. C., Soh, C. S., & Yap, V. V. (2016). A Systematic Approach in Load Disaggregation Utilizing a Multi-Stage Classification Algorithm for Consumer Electrical Appliances Classification. Frontiers in Energy, Springer, (Accepted 12.October. 2016). doi:10.​1007/​s11708-017-0497-z.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang, C. C., Soh, C. S., & Yap, V. V. (2017). A non-intrusive appliance load monitoring for efficient energy consumption based on naive Bayes classifier. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 14, 34–42. Yang, C. C., Soh, C. S., & Yap, V. V. (2017). A non-intrusive appliance load monitoring for efficient energy consumption based on naive Bayes classifier. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 14, 34–42.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoshimoto, K., Nakano, Y., Amano, Y., Kermanshahi, B. (2000). Non-intrusive appliances load monitoring system using neural networks. In ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, 20-25, pp. 183–194. Yoshimoto, K., Nakano, Y., Amano, Y., Kermanshahi, B. (2000). Non-intrusive appliances load monitoring system using neural networks. In ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, 20-25, pp. 183–194.
Zurück zum Zitat Zeifman, M. (2012). Disaggregation of home energy display data using probabilistic approach. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 58, 23–31.CrossRef Zeifman, M. (2012). Disaggregation of home energy display data using probabilistic approach. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 58, 23–31.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zeifman, M., & Roth, K. (2011). Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring: Review and outlook. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 57, 76–84.CrossRef Zeifman, M., & Roth, K. (2011). Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring: Review and outlook. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 57, 76–84.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zeifman, M., Roth, K., Stefan, J. (2013). Automatic recognition of major end-uses in disaggregation of home energy display data. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 11-14, pp. 104–105. Zeifman, M., Roth, K., Stefan, J. (2013). Automatic recognition of major end-uses in disaggregation of home energy display data. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 11-14, pp. 104–105.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou, Z.H. , Zhan, D.C. , Yang, Q (2007). Semi-supervised learning with very few labeled training examples, Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence, p.675–680, July 22–26, 2007, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Zhou, Z.H. , Zhan, D.C. , Yang, Q (2007). Semi-supervised learning with very few labeled training examples, Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence, p.675–680, July 22–26, 2007, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Zurück zum Zitat Zoha, A., Gluhak, A., Imran, M. A., & Rajasegarar, S. (2012). Non-intrusive load monitoring approaches for disaggregated energy sensing: A survey. Sensors, 12, 16838–16866.CrossRef Zoha, A., Gluhak, A., Imran, M. A., & Rajasegarar, S. (2012). Non-intrusive load monitoring approaches for disaggregated energy sensing: A survey. Sensors, 12, 16838–16866.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
A systematic approach in appliance disaggregation using k-nearest neighbours and naive Bayes classifiers for energy efficiency
verfasst von
Chuan Choong Yang
Chit Siang Soh
Vooi Voon Yap
Publikationsdatum
21.08.2017
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Energy Efficiency / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1570-646X
Elektronische ISSN: 1570-6478
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-017-9561-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2018

Energy Efficiency 1/2018 Zur Ausgabe